Conveners
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 1
- Piera Luisa Ghia (IJCLAB, IN2P3/CNRS, Orsay, France)
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 2
- min zha
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 3
- Weiwei Xu (Shandong University)
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 4
- Kazuyoshi Kobayashi (Waseda university)
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 5
- Zhe Li
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 6
- Siming Liu (่ฅฟๅไบค้ๅคงๅญฆ)
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 7
- Silvia Crestan (INAF-IASF Milano)
High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmic Rays: parallel session 8
- P. H. Thomas Tam (Sun Yat-sen University)
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has accomplished comprehensive and precise measurements of very-high-energy cosmic ray air showers. Leveraging data from the electromagnetic detector array and the muon detector within the KM2A array, accurate and composition-insensitive reconstruction of cosmic ray energies in the knee region has been achieved by measuring the numbers of...
Extensive air showers produced by the interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays ($E > 10^{18}\,\mathrm{eV}$) in the Earth's atmosphere provide a challenging yet unique channel to probe hadronic interactions at the 100 TeV center-of-mass energy scale. Over more than 20 years of operation, the Pierre Auger Observatory has delivered invaluable insights into the modeling of hadronic...
The observed excess of muons in extensive air showers (EAS) compared to Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation predictions emphasizes the need for a more detailed modeling of muon production processes in EAS. While numerous previous studies have primarily focused on the hadronic component of EAS, they have not yet provided a definitive solution to the muon excess.
In this work, we examine a...
Over the past decade, ground-based array experiments have observed a notable muon deficit when simulating extensive air showers (EAS) induced by high-energy cosmic rays, compared to experimental measurements. This discrepancy is referred to as the muon puzzle. In this report, we present the first investigation on this topic at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), which, with its...
Primary cosmic rays interact with atmospheric molecules, initiating hadronic cascades in which mesons are produced. These mesons either undergo further interactions or decay into high-energy muons capable of penetrating rock and reaching deep underground detectors. Variations in atmospheric temperature influence the density of the atmosphere, thereby modulating the probability of secondary...
MUTE (MUon inTensity codE) is a Python program that performs calculations for cosmic-ray muons underground and underwater. It combines two state-of-the-art programs, DAEMONFLUX and PROPOSAL, to provide comprehensive calculations for muon intensities, total muon fluxes, energy and angular spectra, and mean muon energies at the surface, in deep underground laboratories โ under both flat...
The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest observatory for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the Northern Hemisphere. It investigates extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic rays with energies ranging from 10^{15} eV to 10^{21} eV, using a hybrid detection system. This system includes a surface array of scintillator detectors that sample the footprint of air showers at ground...
In 2001, the first water-Cherenkov detector of what would become the Pierre Auger Observatory was installed in the Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. Since thenโalmost 25 years laterโthe Observatory has not only been completed and operational since 2004, but has also continually evolved in its instrumentation, results, and scientific scope.
Originally designed to study cosmic rays with energies...
One of the scientific goals of LHAASO is to accurately measure the spectrum of cosmic rays composition, build a bridge between space-based and ground-based experiments, and propose limitations on the origin, acceleration, and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays. LHAASO experiment measured the proton and helium energy spectrum near the โkneeโ region, starting the measurements from 300 TeV....
In light of LHAASO observations of ultra-high energy gamma-ray emission and measurement of cosmic ray spectra, I will discuss their implications on the origin of PeV cosmic rays.
The Pierre Auger Observatory measures several characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), in particular their energies, the shower maximum depths $X_\mathrm{max}$ of the air-shower profiles, and the arrival directions. Using the energy spectrum and the distributions of $X_\mathrm{max}$ in a combined fit, the parameters of homogeneously distributed UHECR sources can be...
The Pierre Auger Observatory, designed for research of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), has been collecting data since early 2004 and was completed in 2008. It is located at 1400 m above sea level near Malargรผe, Mendoza, Argentina, covering a vast plain of about 3000 square kilometers, known as the Pampa Amarilla. The Observatory consists of a hybrid detector, composed of 1660...
The Pierre Auger Observatory, the largest facility for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), enables detailed studies of extensive air showers over a wide energy range, from 50 PeV up to and beyond 100 EeV. Its hybrid design, combining a surface detector array, fluorescence detector, and underground muon detectors, allows the reconstruction of shower properties with high precision....
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment is a high-energy astroparticle physics mission in operation on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2015 with excellent and continuous performance. The instrument consists of two layers of segmented plastic scintillators for the identification of cosmic-rays via a measurement of their charge (CHD), a 3 radiation length thick...
The space-based DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) detector has been taking data since its successful launch in December 2015. Its main scientific goals include the indirect search for dark matter signatures in the cosmic electron and gamma-ray spectra, the measurements of galactic cosmic ray fluxes from tens of GeV up to sub-PeV and high energy gamma ray astronomy above a few GeV, it is...
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), which is a space-based high energy particle detector, has been operated in orbit for nearly ten years. Thanks to its large geometric factor, good charge resolution and wide dynamic range in energy measurement, DAMPE can provide valuable insights on the energy spectra of cosmic-ray up to hundreds of TeV. These measurements are fundamental to achieve a...
Beryllium nuclei in cosmic rays are expected to be secondaries produced by the fragmentation of primary cosmic rays during their propagation in the Galaxy. Therefore, their fluxes contain essential information on cosmic ray propagation and sources. Secondary-to-primary flux ratios provide measurements of the material traversed by cosmic rays in their journey through the Galaxy. The 10Be/9Be...
We present the first measurement of cosmic-ray fluxes of 6Li and 7Li isotopes in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 25 GV. The measurements are based on 0.97 million 6Li and 1.04 million 7Li nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station from May 2011 to October 2023. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the 6Li and 7Li fluxes exhibit nearly...
We present high statistics measurements of the secondary cosmic rays Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Fluorine, and Phosphorus based on 13.5 years of AMS data. The properties of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and their ratios to the primary cosmic rays Li/C, Be/C, B/C, Li/O, Be/O, B/O, and F/Si and P/Si are discussed. The systematic comparison with the latest GALPROP cosmic ray model is presented.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector operating on the International Space Station. Since 2011, AMS has collected more than 250 billion charged cosmic rays, from elementary particles to iron nuclei with energies up to multi-TeV. The high-precision measurements with ~1% accuracy, over a solar cycle, have led to many surprising observations. The latest...
The Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a hybrid detector experiment, including one square kilometer array of scintillator detectors and muon detectors, a 78,000 square meter water Cherenkov detector array and 18 wide field of view Cherenkov telescopes. This multi-parameter observation of air showers enables LHAASO to measure the energy spectrum and composition of individual...
Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (๐ท) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21 million ๐ท nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the ๐ท flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the ๐, 3He , and 4He...
We present high statistics measurements of primary cosmic rays nuclei p to Ni based on 13.5 Years AMS data.The systematic comparison with the latest GALPROP cosmic ray model is presented.
We report the latest results on the properties of C, N, Ne, Na,Mg, Al, S, Cl, Ar, K, and Ca cosmic rays fluxes in the rigidity range 2.5 GV to 3 TV collected by the AMS furing first 13.5 years of operation. We observe that fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. With our measurements, the abundance ratios at the source C/O,...
Analysis of anisotropy of galactic positrons, electrons and protons has been performed with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. This measurement allows to differentiate between point-like and diffuse sources of cosmic rays for the understanding of the origin of high energy positrons or the hardening in the proton flux. The AMS results of the dipole anisotropy of...
we show how the precise measurement of cosmic ray spectrum by AMS02, DAMPE, HAWC, LHAASO, TUNKA and AUGER can give very strong constraints on the components of galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays and give important implications on the origin of cosmic rays.
We present the precision measurements of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV with 13.5 years data collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station from May 2011 to November 2024. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple time scales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and...
We present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The antiproton fluxes exhibit distinct properties. Compared with other cosmic elementary particle fluxes (proton, electron, and positron), the magnitude of the antiproton flux temporal variation is significantly smaller. A hysteresis between the antiproton fluxes and the proton...
The Sun shines bright as a gamma ray source, caused by hadronic galactic cosmic ray interactions in the photosphere and chromosphere. Fermi-LAT and HAWC have observed these so-called solar disk gamma rays in GeV to TeV energy range, and discovered many oddities, including high flux, anti-correlation to solar activity cycle, and time dependent morphology.
Solar magnetic field plays a key role...
For over decades, the structure of the cosmic ray all-particle spectrum has been progressively refined through different observations. The fine structure of the spectrum carries important information about the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays, yet the causes of these fine structures have not been fully elucidated.
For the cause of the most prominent โknee" region, there are two...
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) arises from modifications to the dispersion relation of massless particles in effective models attempting to coherently merge quantum field theories and general relativity. One way of detecting or constraining LIV effects is by measuring time delays in the arrival of high-energy photons from astrophysical sources. Suitable targets are variable, distant and...
The Tibet Air Shower Array is located in Yangbajing, China, and has been operated since 1990. Its air shower array covers a geometrical area of 65,700 m$^2$ by featuring about 600 plastic scintillation detectors and captures air showers produced by cosmic rays with energies from 10$^{12}$ eV to more than 10$^{15}$ eV. In particular, since the installation of an underground muon detector array...
Ultra-High Energy (UHE, >0.1 PeV) ฮณ-ray astronomy has emerged as a pivotal field in astrophysics, driven by the discovery of 43 UHE sources. These sources are critical for identifying PeVatronsโastrophysical accelerators capable of producing particles at PeV energiesโwhich are linked to the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) near the "knee" of the CR spectrum (~1โ3 PeV). This presentation provides a...
In this talk, I will present the discovery of a giant peanut-shaped ultra-high-energy (UHE) ฮณ-ray emitting region using data from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The emission, located in isolation below the Galactic plane at a Galactic latitude b โ โ17.5โฆ, features two prominent hot spots embedded in a uniform rectangular structure covered a large region of 1ยฐร5ยฐ,...
LHAASO J2027+3657 is an ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray extended source discovered by LHAASO in the Cygnus region. No significant emission below 25 TeV has been detected from this source, and ground-based facilities like H.E.S.S. and HAWC have not observed it either, making the origin of its emission especially interesting. In this study, we use the latest LHAASO data to perform a detailed...
The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a crucial probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. Using the source deduction method and the latest data from WCDA and KM2A, we have preliminarily measured this emission and present the energy...
Microquasars are binary systems which are composed of compact objects and stars, launching (sub-)relativistic jets. Recently, the microquasar V4641 Sgr is detected with extended ultra-high-energy(UHE) emission by LHAASO and HAWC. Interestingly, its spectrum follows a power-law function continuing up to 0.8 PeV, and the morphology appears a puzzling elongated structure which is misaligned with...
VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory designed to detect astrophysical very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV < E < 30 TeV) gamma rays. It consists of an array of four 12-meter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in southern Arizona, USA. Since VERITAS was placed into operations nearly two decades ago, the observatory has played a central role in investigating both...
Key sources of very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays include extragalactic objects such as blazars, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and other intriguing transient events. Investigating these targets is essential for gaining critical insights into various astrophysical phenomena, including black hole accretion, particle acceleration, and the dynamics of explosive events.
The Large High Altitude Air...
Gamma-ray observations can constrain particle acceleration in astrophysical sources only when combined with realistic emission scenarios. A key question is whether the radiation originates from relativistic electrons or protons. While several criteria exist to distinguish between leptonic and hadronic origins, they often remain inconclusive at ultra-high energies. For instance, the synchrotron...
Jets from protostellar have recently been reported to have the capability to accelerate particles to relativistic energy, emitting gamma photons that can be detected by the Fermi-LAT. Some protostellars have also been reported to have observed non-thermal jet lobes in radio band, confirming the presence of non-thermal processes within the jets. We analyzed the 16 years of Fermi-LAT data...
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration reported the emission of two sources HESS J1857+026 and HESS J1858+0200 with no known counterparts. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration confirmed the detection in their 3HWC catalog with an association to 3HWC J1857+027. We present a multi-source fitting analysis of the HESS J1857+026 region as part of a...
The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) constitute the largest class of instruments within the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Four LSTs are being constructed at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Each telescope features a 23-meter reflector and is optimized for observations at energies below 100 GeV. The first Large-Sized Telescope...
The ASTRI Project is an international collaborative effort led by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) to develop, build, and operate a facility consisting of nine four-meter class Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes dedicated to gamma-ray astronomy in the 1โ200 TeV range. The ASTRI Mini-Array is currently being installed in Tenerife at the Observatorio del Teide, and...
The Large Array of imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (LACT) consists of 32 telescopes, each with a 6-meter aperture, arranged within the array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). LACT will leverage its high angular resolution in combination with LHAASOโs world-leading capability in gamma-proton discrimination to conduct detailed structural observations of...
The Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) is a next-generation experiment using a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detector to detect gamma rays and antiparticles. Gamma-ray surveys are important for understanding multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy, enabling exploration of the universe's most potent events, such as supernovae and neutron star mergers etc. Despite the...
Theย Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO)ย is a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory under development in the Southern Hemisphere . Planned for installation at 4.8 km above sea level in the Atacama Astronomical Park in Chile, SWGO consists of an array of water Cherenkov detectors to measure gamma-ray emission over a wide energy range from hundreds of GeV to several PeV....
This study presents the design and evaluation of a water Cherenkov detector (WCD) prototype based on the lake concept proposed in the SWGO framework. Aimed at future large-scale cosmic ray and gamma-ray observatories, the prototype uses a separate, stand-alone bladder structure made from lightweight materials. By using the natural buoyancy of water, the system removes the need for traditional...
