Conveners
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 1
- Sean Paling
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 2
- Pia Loaiza (IJCLab, IN2P3/CNRS Universitรฉ Paris-Saclay)
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 3
- Yeongduk Kim (Institute for Basic Science)
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 4
- Xiaolian Wang
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 5
- Long Ma (Fudan University)
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 6
- Shukui Liu (Sichuan University)
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 7
- Yulan Li (Tsinghua University)
Underground Laboratories: parallel session 8
- Hide-Kazu TANAKA (Kamioka Obs., ICRR, University of Tokyo)
Since 2020, the Jinping Underground Laboratory has started a new construction. After 5 years of hard work, the construction of the project has been almost completely completed so far. Construction of a new low-background measurement and analysis center has also been completed. In this report, we will introduce the material screening during construction, underground indoor radiation...
The Yemilab, a new deep underground laboratory, has been constructed to be located under the Yemi mountain at Jeongseon in Korea. The overburden is 1,000 m from the top of the Yemi mountain, and the laboratory space is approximately 25,000 m3. We can access the laboratory using a cage that has a 4 m/s vertical speed through the 600 m shaft and electric vehicles as transportation through the...
In the fields of astroparticle physics, nuclear astrophysics, and quantum computing, the identification of underground laboratories with suppressed cosmogenic backgrounds is of critical importance.
Located approximately 500 meters from the center of Trento, Italy, the Piedicastello tunnels lie beneath 100 meters of limestone rock from the Doss Trento hill. The site covers over 6,000 square...
The Jinping Underground experiment for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA) is located in the ultra-low background of the China Jingping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). JUNA is aiming to conduct experiments for directly studying crucial reactions at stellar energies in the evolution of stars. In 2020, JUNA commissioned an mA level high current accelerator based on an ECR source, as well as high...
A new HPGe spectrometer with $\mu$Bq/kg sensitivity for sample analysis.
G. Zuzel, A. Biondi, C.P. Garay+
*) M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
+) Laboratorio Subterrรกneo de Canfranc, Canfranc, Spain
Low-level gamma spectroscopy with High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors has become an essential tool for material screening in rare...
China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), with a rock overburden of about 2400 m, provides low radiation background environment necessary to frontier scientific researches, such as dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Due to almost filled space of the first phase of CJPL and the requirement of future physical experiments, construction of the second...
The SABRE South experiment, currently being commissioned at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL), will use high-purity NaI(Tl) crystals to investigate the seasonal modulation of dark matter. The cosmic muon flux, also expected to exhibit seasonal dependence, must be tagged and rejected to isolate the small signal. Eight EJ200 plastic scintillator panels, equipped with Hamamatsu...
The China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) offers an ideal environment for low-background neutrino studies. As part of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), the one-ton prototype detector at CJPL-I has undergone significant upgrades, including improved electronics and an increased number of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), to enhance its performance and inform future large-scale detectors....
Underground facilities are often sought after due to their rock overburden, which provides natural protection from ionizing cosmogenic radiation, such as the near-elimination of cosmogenic muons. However, for many efforts such as dark matter searches or neutrinoless double beta decay experiments, the surviving cosmogenic muon and muon-induced events still present a significant background. One...
In deep underground laboratories, environmental neutrons, which are produced at the cavern walls, introduce a source of background to rare event searches, such as dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments as well as low-cross section measurements for nuclear astrophysics. The flux and spectrum of the ambient neutrons vary greatly with time and location....
HENSA is a high efficiency neutron spectrometer based on the same principle than Bonner sphere systems. The detector has been used for years in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in order to assess the neutron flux underground. In particular, for more than 3 years HENSA has been being used in hall B of the LSC with obejective to characterize the neutron flux that could affect the...
Radon-222 is a limiting background in many leading dark matter and low-energy neutrino experiments. At SNOLAB, we have various radon instruments dedicated to material screening and to the measurement of radon concentration in Nโ gas systems and in ultra-pure water. My talk will focus on describing these instruments. In addition, it will describe a recent development aimed at improving our Nโ...
High-purity copper is an ideal material for constructing ultra-low background radiation measurement detectors. Experiments involving rare nuclear decay, such as neutrinoless double beta decay, and searches for dark matter often require construction materials with bulk and surface radioactivity levels below 10-12 g/g of Th/U level. Electroformed copper offers advantageous mechanical,...
This study established an optimized protocol employing quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) with internal standard calibration to achieve direct ultratrace ยฒยณโธU and ยฒยณยฒTh radionuclides quantification. Cross-validation with high-purity germanium gamma spectroscopy (HPGe) confirmed the methodโs reliability. Systematic ICP-QMS screening of industrial materials...
ABSTRACT
In rare-event search experiments such as AMoRE and COSINE, estimating background radioactivity levels and identifying background sources are crucial for background reduction. Typically, isotopes in the $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th decay chains with relatively short half-lives are grouped together, and secular equilibrium is assumed during background measurements and estimations. During...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation neutrino detector. The experiment will begin data collection this year. Its main and ultimate goal is to determine the neutrino mass ordering. To achieve this fundamental milestone, the precise reactor antineutrino energy spectrum must be extracted. Therefore, detailed knowledge of all relevant backgrounds in the liquid...
The LEGEND experiment aims to detect neutrinoless double beta decay (0ฮฝฮฒฮฒ) of Ge-76 using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors immersed in liquid argon (LAr). The LAr serves both as a coolant and as an active shield against background radiation. In the current phase (LEGEND-200), HPGe detectors are operated in conventional atmospheric LAr, which contains the cosmogenically activated...
Waveform digitization is the most direct and effective method for capturing comprehensive signal information from particle detectors. This approach enables physicists to extract critical parameters through flexible digital algorithms. In this report, we present our development of waveform digitization electronics utilizing the DRS4 ASIC and a custom-designed Switched Capacitor Array (SCA)...
Two cryogenic ASICs for HPGe detectors fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process for dark matter and neutrino experiments have been developed. One of them is a wide dynamic range CMOS preamplifier for neutrino-less double beta decay, and the other is a low noise CMOS preamplifier for dark matter detection. The wide dynamic range preamplifier consists of two-stage amplifiers. The first stage is a...
To reconstruct the energy and time of events in the liquid scintillator detector, in a neutrino or dark matter experiment, we need to analyze the waveforms from photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Fast Stochastic Matching Pursuit (FSMP) samples the posterior of PE time sequence for each waveform. It gains acceleration on GPU, and improves the energy and time resolution of LS detectors. The energy...
Cryogenic detectors are widely employed to investigate rare physical processes such as double beta decay, dark matter interactions, and coherent neutrino scattering. Lowering the energy threshold of detectors not only enhances the understanding of background but also contributes to expanding the scientific scope of experiments.
We have developed a new trigger algorithm based on the Pearson...
Liquid scintillator detectors have assumed significant importance in neutrino physics owing to their cost-effectiveness and high precision. Multi\text{-}point reconstruction algorithm can address pileup in the liquid scintillator detectors through simultaneous optimization of temporal and spatial resolution, achieving sub-nanosecond precision in photon arrival time discrimination coupled with...
Modern physics experiments are increasingly characterized by large-scale detection arrays and ever-higher requirements for data-acquisition precision, placing stringent demands on readout electronics. To address these challenges, we present a scalable, high-speed, high-precision waveform-digitization and high-bandwidth readout electronics system. Its multi-channel parallel analog front end...
CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Mo-100 using an array of 1596 Li$_2$MoO$_4$ (LMO) crystals enriched at 95\% in $^{100}$Mo operated as cryogenic calorimeters. The scintillation light produced by the LMO crystals will enable active, event-by-event particle identification, which is crucial to achieve the target background...
Halide perovskite semiconductors for direct X- and gamma-ray detection have currently attracted enormous attentions due to the bright prospects in various scenarios, such as medical imaging and nuclear nonproliferation in homeland security and high energy physics. Halide perovskites featuring excellent charge transport properties, low cost in preparation, and versatile processing method may...
Cryogenic crystal calorimeters are among the most competitive detector technologies for future neutrinoless double beta decay (0ฮฝฮฒฮฒ) experiments. The dual readout of photon and thermal signals based on Transition Edge Sensors (TES) is essential for future large-scale deployment of these calorimeters. The quality and thickness of the superconducting thin films, as the core component of the...
The transition edge sensor (TES) is a microcalorimeter that exploits the sharp increase in resistance at the transition between superconducting and normal conducting states. This steep transition characteristic enables even small energy depositions to produce large changes in resistance, resulting in sufficiently large current signal generation. TES technology has been primarily developed for...
Recent years have seen growing concerns in the scientific community about the sensitivity of superconducting qubits to ionizing radiation. Particle interactions in the chip substrate produce phonons that reach the superconductor and break Cooper pairs, producing quasiparticles that can cause a drop in the decay time of the qubit.
Previous studies have already proven that radioactivity affect...
The CRAB (Calibrated nuclear Recoils for Accurate Bolometry) project is aimed at precise calibration of cryogenic detectors at sub-keV nuclear recoil energies, addressing key challenges in coherent neutrino scattering and low-mass dark matter detection.
After the successful validation of the method, demonstrated by the detection of a 112 eV recoil peak in a CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detector...
In the 90s of the 20th century, scientists at the Kurchatov Institute experimentally proved that antineutrino spectrometers based on liquid scintillators can monitor the power of a nuclear reactor and the isotopic composition of burning fuel. These capabilities provide a complementary way of nuclear power plant reactor monitoring with respect to the standard methods in the framework of...
Tracking capabilities for Nuclear Recoils (NRs) from Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) interactions would allow for the measurement of both a NR's energy and direction. This capability would enable an expansive physics program which leverages the kinematics of the neutrino's coherent scattering interaction. This talk will discuss some of the physics applications of NR...
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) provides a unique channel for the detection of neutrinos. The REactor neutrino LIquid xenon Coherent Scattering experiment (RELICS) aims to detect CEvNS signals from reactor neutrinos using a 50 kg-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (LXeTPC). To validate the principles and key technologies of RELICS experiment, we developed a 0.56-kg...
Cherenkov photon in water is scattered or absorbed by electrons, nuclei, and some other particles. Evaluating the extent of this attenuation is necessary to accurately extract physics in the Water Cherenkov experiment. Especially, in the atmospheric neutrino and proton decay analyses (GeV-scale physics), since the Cherenkov ring becomes unclear due to photon scattering, it affects the accuracy...
Our research at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) has produced significant results from various phases of the 1-ton liquid scintillator neutrino detector. As part of the preliminary phase of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we have investigated its performance at CJPL-I. In 2023, we initiated an upgrade to the 1-ton detector, which primarily involves integrating...
The LEGEND experiment is a phased programme designed to search for neutrino-less double beta decay with unprecedented sensitivity, targeting a half-life of up to 10^28 years, corresponding to a Majorana neutrino mass range of 9โ21 meV. Its first phase, LEGEND-200, is currently taking data at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory and aims to reach a sensitivity of 10^27 years (28โ66 meV).
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Silicon drift detectors have important applications in electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), synchrotron radiation sources, and particle detection. We have systematically constructed a new type of silicon drift detector using innovative principles, structures, and processes. This report found that the doping concentration and doping depth of the anode of the...
The microchannel plate photomultiplier tube is an important device for particle and nuclear detection due to its high time resolution, resistance to irradiation, strong magnetic fields and irradiation. The timing performance, lifetime, dynamic range, and resistance to strong magnetic fields are carefully studied and enhanced. A series of MCP-PMTs, including the fast MCP-PMT, gated MCP-PMT,...
The TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) is a next-generation neutrino telescope to be constructed 3.5km deep in the โHai-Ling Basinโ of the South China Sea. The detector aims to have world-leading sensitivity to high-energy astrophysical neutrinos of all flavours, instrumenting multiple cubic kilometres of seawater with advanced photon-detection technology. TRIDENT features...
Germanium detectors are widely used in rare event detection and low background facility. In this report, some new progress will be presented, including novel electrode design, new PSD method, electronics, long term operation in cryogenic liquid. Some new electrode fabrication method and segmented detectors developed at THU will also be discussed.
High Purity Germanium Detectors๏ผHPGe is popular in nuclear plant, environment monitor and nuclear chemistry analysis because of its high energy resolution and high detection efficiency. This study aims to fabricate and test HPGe detector that is qualified for commercial purpose. The detector is made from domestic growth 13N crystal and the contact is made by Li diffusion and B ion...
GRANDProto300 is a prototype of GRAND (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) in Xiaodushan (40.99$^{\circ}$N, 93.94$^{\circ}$E) in Dunhuang, China. The detector will feature 300 radio antennas to cover a total geometrical area of $\sim$200 km$^{2}$. The experiment aims to demonstrate the autonomous detection of radio emissions from air showers produced by high-energy astroparticles. The...
The LACT project will deploy 32 six-meter aperture Cherenkov telescopes on Haizi Mountain in Daocheng, Sichuan, to conduct fine-structure measurements of multiple ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources discovered by LHAASO. The SiPM camera is located at the focal plane of the telescope, 8000 mm from the center of the mirror dish. The SiPM camera measures atmospheric Cherenkov light, which is...
The neutrinoless double beta decay (0ฮฝฮฒฮฒ) experiment aims to investigate whether neutrinos are Majorana fermions (i.e., whether they are their own antiparticles). NฮฝDEx is to use a time projection chamber (TPC) for trajectory detection, and readout with the low-noise CMOS chips to measure the neutrinoless double beta decay in the China Jinping underground laboratory. High-pressure (1.0 MPa)...
Baryon number violation, predicted by many GUT frameworks, motivates current searches for proton decay. The decay channel $\text{p} \rightarrow \text{K}^{+} + \bar{\nu}$, favored in many SUSY-GUT models, currently has a partial lifetime limit of $5.9 \times 10^{33}$ yr at 90 % C.L. set by the Super-Kamiokande collaboration. JUNO, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under commissioning in...
A magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is proposed as a scintillation quenching mechanism. The interaction rate follows $R^{-6}$ as the electric dipole-dipole interaction in Foster resonance energy transfer theory. The proposed mechanism causes a long-range resonance energy transfer, and the resonance condition is that the spins of donor and acceptor electrons both flip, and the energy level...
The liquid scintillation and Cherenkov detectors are the selected detection technologies for next-generation neutrino detectors at 10-100kt scale. Traditionally, they function primarily as calorimeters. Time-of-flight methods have long been employed to reconstruct event vertices. With the advancement of fast photon-sensors and electronics readout, as well as mathematical and computational...
