I will review the current status of reactor, atmospheric, and long-baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments, with a focus on the parameter constraints within the three-flavor oscillation framework. Thanks to a wide range of experiments, we now have increasingly precise neutrino oscillation measurements across a broad spectrum of energies and baselines. This is significant for two...
The presentation will review coherent neutrino scattering and searches for sterile neutrinos. It will cover the status and recent developments of experiments in the field, new results and it will indicate perspectives for the future.
Please supplement the content of the abstract.High-energy cosmic neutrinos hold vast potential to propel particle physics and astrophysics forward. They have the highest detected neutrino energies---up to the PeV scale and beyond---and travel the longest distances---up to billions of light-years, the size of the observable Universe. These unique properties make them piercing probes of...
Connecting inflation with neutrino physics through non-thermal leptogenesis via direct inflaton-right-handed neutrino (RHN) coupling naturally incorporates neutrino reheating, leaving no ambiguity regarding the early history of the Universe. We demonstrate that non-thermal leptogenesis from inflaton decay expands the viable parameter space compared to thermal leptogenesis and provides a...
We propose utilizing radio telescopes to investigate the conversion of dark photons, a potential ultralight dark matter candidate, through two approaches: solar observations and direct telescope-based detection. In the first scenario, dark photon dark matter can efficiently convert into photons in the solar corona—the outermost region of the solar atmosphere—where the plasma mass of photons...
The Double Chooz experiment, located near the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant (France), has provided precise measurements of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 through the detection of antineutrinos from reactor cores. This multi-detector experiment, comprising a far detector located approximately 1050 metres from the reactors and a near detector at about 400 metres, was designed to minimise systematic...
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0𝜈𝛽𝛽) is an extremely rare process that, if observed, would confirm the Majorana nature of neutrinos. KamLAND-Zen, an extension of the KamLAND neutrino detector in Japan using 136Xe dissolved in liquid scintillator, currently sets the most stringent limit on the 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 half-life of Xe-136. In this talk, I will present the latest KamLAND-Zen results, based on the...
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has accomplished comprehensive and precise measurements of very-high-energy cosmic ray air showers. Leveraging data from the electromagnetic detector array and the muon detector within the KM2A array, accurate and composition-insensitive reconstruction of cosmic ray energies in the knee region has been achieved by measuring the numbers of...
Since 2020, the Jinping Underground Laboratory has started a new construction. After 5 years of hard work, the construction of the project has been almost completely completed so far. Construction of a new low-background measurement and analysis center has also been completed. In this report, we will introduce the material screening during construction, underground indoor radiation...
Extensive air showers produced by the interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays ($E > 10^{18}\,\mathrm{eV}$) in the Earth's atmosphere provide a challenging yet unique channel to probe hadronic interactions at the 100 TeV center-of-mass energy scale. Over more than 20 years of operation, the Pierre Auger Observatory has delivered invaluable insights into the modeling of hadronic...
The MicroBooNE experiment utilizes an 85-tonne active mass liquid argon time projection chamber neutrino detector. It can distinguish between photon and electron electromagnetic showers and select charged-current electron neutrino and muon neutrino events with exceptional performance. In this talk, we will present new results on MicroBooNE's investigation of the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess...
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dark matter direct detection experiment operating almost a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. LZ uses a 7 active-tonne dual-phase xenon time projection chamber primarily designed to detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), a well-motivated class of dark matter candidate. This talk will give the...
The Yemilab, a new deep underground laboratory, has been constructed to be located under the Yemi mountain at Jeongseon in Korea. The overburden is 1,000 m from the top of the Yemi mountain, and the laboratory space is approximately 25,000 m3. We can access the laboratory using a cage that has a 4 m/s vertical speed through the 600 m shaft and electric vehicles as transportation through the...
After collecting more than five years of continuous data and accumulating over 2.8 tonne·years of TeO$_2$ exposure, CUORE has firmly established itself as a leading cryogenic calorimeter experiment for rare-event searches. We present a summary of our latest results which, along with our unprecedented cryogenic performance, demonstrate our readiness to tackle a different set of new challenges....
The observed excess of muons in extensive air showers (EAS) compared to Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation predictions emphasizes the need for a more detailed modeling of muon production processes in EAS. While numerous previous studies have primarily focused on the hadronic component of EAS, they have not yet provided a definitive solution to the muon excess.
In this work, we examine a...
The MicroBooNE experiment is an 85-ton active mass liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector situated in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB). In this talk, we will present several new results of the experiment's investigations of the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess in both the single-photon and electron-positron channels, probing the Standard Model background...
Axions that couple to electromagnetism are produced in the early Universe by,among other channels, freeze-in of the Primakoff process. The same interaction causes theaxions to decay to two photons, which subsequently ionize the intergalactic medium. If this decay occurs in the range of redshifts 20 ≲ z ≲ 1100 then the contribution to the cosmic
microwave background optical depth τ can lead to...
The search for neutrinoless double beta 0νββ decay is considered as the only feasible way to prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos as well as to give indication on the mass hierarchy and on the absolute mass scale. Moreover, the discovery and observation of 0νββ decay would be the first indication of lepton number violation and have substantial repercussions on cosmology, giving a possible...
In the fields of astroparticle physics, nuclear astrophysics, and quantum computing, the identification of underground laboratories with suppressed cosmogenic backgrounds is of critical importance.
Located approximately 500 meters from the center of Trento, Italy, the Piedicastello tunnels lie beneath 100 meters of limestone rock from the Doss Trento hill. The site covers over 6,000 square...
The Jinping Underground experiment for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA) is located in the ultra-low background of the China Jingping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). JUNA is aiming to conduct experiments for directly studying crucial reactions at stellar energies in the evolution of stars. In 2020, JUNA commissioned an mA level high current accelerator based on an ECR source, as well as high...
Core-collapse Supernovae (SNe) are considered among the most promising astrophysical laboratories to study the phenomenology of axion-like particles (ALPs). Because of the extreme condition of temperature and density reached in the core of the exploding star, ALPs can be copiously produced by means of their interactions with nuclear matter. In this talk, I will discuss how a large emission of...
Primordial black holes (PBHs) continue to be promising candidates for dark matter across several mass windows, providing opportunities for investigation through diverse electromagnetic observations. Spanning from radio to ultra-high gamma-ray frequencies, PBHs can generate detectable signals by integrating semiclassical phenomena—specifically, their Hawking evaporation and the their final...
The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment, pioneering the measurement of a non-zero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ13 in 2012, operated for about nine years from Nov. 24, 2011, to Dec. 12, 2020. Antineutrinos emanating from six reactors with a thermal power of 2.9 GWth were detected by eight identically designed detectors, which were positioned in two near and one far underground...
The XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) project represents the next step in the global effort to directly detect dark matter and explore neutrino physics using 60-80 tonnes liquid xenon time projection chamber. Building on the success of current-generation experiments such as XENONnT and LZ, the XLZD collaboration is designing a detector with unprecedented sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon interactions...
Primary cosmic rays interact with atmospheric molecules, initiating hadronic cascades in which mesons are produced. These mesons either undergo further interactions or decay into high-energy muons capable of penetrating rock and reaching deep underground detectors. Variations in atmospheric temperature influence the density of the atmosphere, thereby modulating the probability of secondary...
A new HPGe spectrometer with $\mu$Bq/kg sensitivity for sample analysis.
G. Zuzel, A. Biondi, C.P. Garay+
*) M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
+) Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc, Spain
Low-level gamma spectroscopy with High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors has become an essential tool for material screening in rare...
Within the framework of general relativity, it can be shown that gravitational waves are radiated with the merger of massive compact objects. Such gravitational wave signals are observed on Earth on various detectors, in particular, on Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. During the operation of these detectors, many events have been detected. Those events are...
We present an updated global analysis of the standard three-neutrino (3ν) framework, incorporating the latest oscillation and nonoscillation data available at the start of 2025. Notably, we report subpercent-level precision in the determination of the atmospheric mass-squared splitting, marking a significant milestone in neutrino oscillation physics. Our analysis reveals evolving constraints...
Liquid xenon time projection chambers have increased in size from kilogram to multi-tonne scale and provide the most stringent limit on WIMP dark matter-nucleon interactions for dark matter masses above $6~\textrm{GeV}/c^2$. These large detectors have simultaneously been able to reduce the background levels, due to radioactive impurities both in the detector structure and dissolved in the lXe...
Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) is a key process in addressing some of the most significant open questions in particle physics, namely the conservation of lepton number and the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Over the past decades, extensive efforts have been dedicated to improving the sensitivity of 0νββ half-life measurements across multiple isotopes. The next generation of...
MUTE (MUon inTensity codE) is a Python program that performs calculations for cosmic-ray muons underground and underwater. It combines two state-of-the-art programs, DAEMONFLUX and PROPOSAL, to provide comprehensive calculations for muon intensities, total muon fluxes, energy and angular spectra, and mean muon energies at the surface, in deep underground laboratories — under both flat...
Direct detection searches for dark matter are insensitive to dark matter particles that have large interactions with ordinary matter, which are stopped in the atmosphere or the Earth’s crust before reaching terrestrial detectors. We use “dark” calibration images from the James Webb Space Telescope to derive novel constraints on sub-GeV dark matter candidates that scatter off electrons. In this...
We show how the astronomical observations of dwarf galaxies give strong constraints on the properties of dark matter. Some dwarf galaxies prefer a wave like dark matter or self-interacting dark matter.
DarkSide-20k is an experiment aimed at the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle dark matter. Currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of the INFN in Italy, the experiment utilizes a 50-tonne dual-phase Liquid Argon TPC. This TPC employs underground, low-radioactivity argon and is surrounded by two active veto systems, all housed within a...
China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), with a rock overburden of about 2400 m, provides low radiation background environment necessary to frontier scientific researches, such as dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Due to almost filled space of the first phase of CJPL and the requirement of future physical experiments, construction of the second...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is not only the most powerful particle accelerator ever built but also a unique source of an intense, high-energy beam of neutrinos spanning all flavors, predominantly collimated in the forward direction. After nearly 15 years of LHC operation, the first detection of collider-produced neutrinos was achieved by the dedicated FASER and SND@LHC experiments. This...
The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest observatory for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the Northern Hemisphere. It investigates extensive air showers (EAS) produced by cosmic rays with energies ranging from 10^{15} eV to 10^{21} eV, using a hybrid detection system. This system includes a surface array of scintillator detectors that sample the footprint of air showers at ground...
DEAP-3600, featuring a 3.3-tonne liquid argon target, is a dark matter direct detection experiment located at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. Since 2019, it has set the most stringent exclusion limit in argon for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) above 20 GeV/c².
Building on its established analyses, the experiment has broadened its physics scope to include MeV-scale recoil energies,...
Dark photons can be resonantly produced in the early universe via their coupling to an oscillating axion field. However, this mechanism typically requires large axion–dark photon couplings or some level of fine-tuning. In this talk, I will present a new scenario in which efficient dark photon production arises from axion potentials shallower than quadratic. For moderately large initial...
The CDEX-300 is a next generation neutrinoless double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay experiment based in China Jinping underground laboratory (CJPL). CDEX-300 aims at searching the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay of Ge-76 in the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy using high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. We propose to build a 200 kg HPGe array with 2.5 keV (FWHM) energy resolution and 1E-4...
Dark matter accumulates inside Earth as the planet plows through the dark matter halo in the Milky Way. Possible annihilation of dark matter to Standard Model particles can be probed in indirect dark matter searches. Among the messengers, neutrinos are uniquely ideal as they can escape dense regions. Neutrino telescopes offer opportunities to search for dark matter signals from the Earth. Such...
The SABRE South experiment, currently being commissioned at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL), will use high-purity NaI(Tl) crystals to investigate the seasonal modulation of dark matter. The cosmic muon flux, also expected to exhibit seasonal dependence, must be tagged and rejected to isolate the small signal. Eight EJ200 plastic scintillator panels, equipped with Hamamatsu...
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposed program to build an underground cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider in the High Luminosity era (HL-LHC). The Forward Liquid Argon Experiment (FLArE) is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) based detector designed for very high-energy neutrinos and search...
In 2001, the first water-Cherenkov detector of what would become the Pierre Auger Observatory was installed in the Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. Since then—almost 25 years later—the Observatory has not only been completed and operational since 2004, but has also continually evolved in its instrumentation, results, and scientific scope.
Originally designed to study cosmic rays with energies...
In some scenarios, the dark matter relic abundance is set by the semi-annihilation of two dark matter particles into one dark matter particle and one Standard Model particle. These semi-annihilations might still be occurring today in the Galactic Center at a significant rate, generating a flux of boosted dark matter particles. We investigate the possible signals of this flux component in...
In this talk, I explore an extension of the standard cosmological model by introducing a dynamical dark energy (DDE) scenario, where the pressure evolves with cosmic time. Instead of assuming a constant dark energy component, we expand the pressure around the present epoch to capture possible deviations from a cosmological constant. This approach introduces one or two new parameters, depending...
The China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) offers an ideal environment for low-background neutrino studies. As part of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), the one-ton prototype detector at CJPL-I has undergone significant upgrades, including improved electronics and an increased number of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), to enhance its performance and inform future large-scale detectors....
The SND@LHC experiment was designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC within the unexplored pseudo-rapidity range of 7.2 < 𝜂 < 8.6. Located 480 m downstream of IP1 in the unused TI18 tunnel, this compact and stand-alone experiment employs a hybrid detector system consisting of 800 kg of tungsten plates interleaved with emulsion and electronic trackers, complemented by...
One of the scientific goals of LHAASO is to accurately measure the spectrum of cosmic rays composition, build a bridge between space-based and ground-based experiments, and propose limitations on the origin, acceleration, and propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays. LHAASO experiment measured the proton and helium energy spectrum near the “knee” region, starting the measurements from 300 TeV....
Underground facilities are often sought after due to their rock overburden, which provides natural protection from ionizing cosmogenic radiation, such as the near-elimination of cosmogenic muons. However, for many efforts such as dark matter searches or neutrinoless double beta decay experiments, the surviving cosmogenic muon and muon-induced events still present a significant background. One...
We present IceCat-2, the planned update of IceCube's public catalog of high-energy neutrino alerts, which builds on the first release, IceCat-1. The original catalog included all real-time alerts sent out since 2016, as well as earlier events from 2011 onward that would have triggered alerts if the system had been active at the time. IceCat-2 includes more recent alerts and reprocesses the...
Solar reflected dark matter refers to dark matter particles reflected and accelerated by the high energy electrons in solar interior. This process can boost MeV dark matter energies, enhancing potential signals in direct detection experiments. Extending this idea, we demonstrate that in detectors composed of single crystals such as silicon or germanium, the collision rate and energy deposition...
SABRE is an international collaboration that will operate similar particle de-
tectors in the Northern (SABRE North) and Southern Hemispheres (SABRE
South). This innovative approach distinguishes possible dark matter signals
from seasonal backgrounds, a pioneering strategy only possible with a southern
hemisphere experiment. SABRE South is located at the Stawell Underground
Physics...
In light of LHAASO observations of ultra-high energy gamma-ray emission and measurement of cosmic ray spectra, I will discuss their implications on the origin of PeV cosmic rays.
In deep underground laboratories, environmental neutrons, which are produced at the cavern walls, introduce a source of background to rare event searches, such as dark matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments as well as low-cross section measurements for nuclear astrophysics. The flux and spectrum of the ambient neutrons vary greatly with time and location....
A Xenon ElectroLuminescence (AXEL) experiment aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) using a high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber. We have developed a novel ionization-electron counter called Electroluminescence Light Collection Cell (ELCC), which enables to achieve excellent scalability and background rejection with track patterns and superior energy...
We propose detecting dark matter by using neutron capture events induced by Cosmic-Ray Boosted Dark Matter (BDM)-nucleon scattering. This approach leverages the directional preference of BDM originating from the Galactic Centre to suppress the background. We demonstrate that it is possible to statistically reconstruct the BDM direction through neutron capture events. Large liquid scintillator...
We report on a search using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory for MeV neutrinos from compact binary mergers detected through gravitational waves during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) O1, O2, and O3 observing runs. The search focuses on events involving at least one neutron star, such as binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers, which may produce a burst of thermal...
The Pierre Auger Observatory measures several characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), in particular their energies, the shower maximum depths $X_\mathrm{max}$ of the air-shower profiles, and the arrival directions. Using the energy spectrum and the distributions of $X_\mathrm{max}$ in a combined fit, the parameters of homogeneously distributed UHECR sources can be...
High-energy neutrinos are unique messengers that offer insights into the mechanisms powering the most extreme cosmic accelerators. Astrophysical sources capable of producing cosmic rays are expected to emit both neutrinos and gamma rays, establishing a strong connection between these two signals. By modelling the link between observed gamma-ray spectra and the expected neutrino flux, it is...
Direct searches of sub-GeV light dark matter (LDM) in our galaxy
through its interactions with electrons has been a rapidly-growing
area. As the kinetic energy of such a LDM particle is generally below
keV, its scattering triggers sub-keV electronic recoils in detectors,
and a proper understanding of these events usually requires reliable
many-body theory inputs.
In this talk, we...
COSINE-100 is a direct detection experiment designed to test the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration's claim of observing an annual modulation signal attributed to dark matter interactions using NaI(Tl) crystals. From September 2016 to March 2023, COSINE-100 collected data with a 106 kg NaI(Tl) detector array at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory in Korea.
Several dark matter search analyses were...
HENSA is a high efficiency neutron spectrometer based on the same principle than Bonner sphere systems. The detector has been used for years in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in order to assess the neutron flux underground. In particular, for more than 3 years HENSA has been being used in hall B of the LSC with obejective to characterize the neutron flux that could affect the...
BINGO is a technology demonstrator dedicated to the development of innovative background reduction techniques for cryogenic calorimetric searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$). Targeting a background index of $10^{-5}$ counts/(keV·kg·yr), BINGO aims to establish a path toward a nearly background-free $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment based on a tonne-scale deployment of...
The Pierre Auger Observatory, designed for research of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), has been collecting data since early 2004 and was completed in 2008. It is located at 1400 m above sea level near Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina, covering a vast plain of about 3000 square kilometers, known as the Pampa Amarilla. The Observatory consists of a hybrid detector, composed of 1660...
The detection of a 220 PeV muon neutrino by the KM3NeT neutrino telescope presents a unique opportunity to investigate the Universe at extreme energies. Three scenarios have been proposed to explain this event: emission from a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical background emission, and line-of-sight interactions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. At present, no other detectors have...
Radon-222 is a limiting background in many leading dark matter and low-energy neutrino experiments. At SNOLAB, we have various radon instruments dedicated to material screening and to the measurement of radon concentration in N₂ gas systems and in ultra-pure water. My talk will focus on describing these instruments. In addition, it will describe a recent development aimed at improving our N₂...
For over two decades, the DAMA/LIBRA experiment has reported an annual modulation in the low-energy region, consistent with the expectation from dark matter (DM) in the galactic halo due to Earth's motion around the Sun. For most WIMP candidates, this result is excluded by the null results of other experiments, making it one of the most puzzling anomalies in the field. However, such...
The Pierre Auger Observatory, the largest facility for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), enables detailed studies of extensive air showers over a wide energy range, from 50 PeV up to and beyond 100 EeV. Its hybrid design, combining a surface detector array, fluorescence detector, and underground muon detectors, allows the reconstruction of shower properties with high precision....
The nature of dark matter remains one of the mysteries in modern physics. While traditional searches have focused on the weak-scale mass range, a growing body of theoretical and experimental work is now exploring the possibility of low-mass dark matter, with mass spanning from MeV down to sub-eV scales. This shift in focus has sparked a wave of technological innovation aimed at detecting...
The nature of dark matter, one of the most compelling open questions in fundamental physics, is still unknown. A comprehensive search program has developed over the past decades, spanning direct detection experiments, indirect detection via astrophysical signals, and collider-based production. In this talk, we focus on collider searches for dark matter, particularly at the Large Hadron...
The AMoRE collaboration aims to investigate rare processes, including neutrinoless double electron capture ($0\nu2\mathrm{EC}$), an intriguing alternative to neutrinoless double-beta decay for exploring the fundamental nature of neutrinos. We will present a comprehensive analysis of the $0\nu2\mathrm{EC}$ process in $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, utilizing the high-purity, enriched calcium molybdate...
Gravitational wave (GW) observations offer a powerful tool for testing the fundamental Lorentz and parity symmetries of gravity. Any violation of these symmetries could manifest as deviations in GW propagation. In this talk, I will explore how current and future GW detections can constrain Lorentz- and parity-violating effects in gravity. I will introduce a systematic parameterization...
As the world's largrest water Cherenkov detector, Super-Kamiokande (SK) has confirmed the MSW effect through observation of solar neutrino.A newly developed spallation removal method for SK-IV has improved the signal efficiency by 12.6%.The measurements from SK-I to SK-IV has verified the day-nignt asymmetry and large mixing angle results. The flux has been measured with high precision, and SK...
For the first time the two big LHC experiments, ATLAS and CMS, report consistently about excesses in the search for EW SUSY particles, seen in two different search channels by each experiment. We interpret these excesses as the production of two light MSSM particles, decaying to Dark Matter (as naturally predicted by the MSSM). These interpretations make clear predictions for future collider...
High-purity copper is an ideal material for constructing ultra-low background radiation measurement detectors. Experiments involving rare nuclear decay, such as neutrinoless double beta decay, and searches for dark matter often require construction materials with bulk and surface radioactivity levels below 10-12 g/g of Th/U level. Electroformed copper offers advantageous mechanical,...
The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) SNOLAB experiment is currently under construction 2 km underground at the SNOLAB facility near Sudbury, Canada. The experiment will utilize 24 cryogenic germanium and silicon calorimeter detectors, with the aim of achieving world-leading sensitivity in the direct search for dark matter (DM) particles interacting with nuclei, spanning DM...
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) provides a promising solution to small-scale structure anomalies, yet a unified explanation across mass scales remains challenging. Recent dwarf galaxy surveys favor a relatively small cross section of $\sim 0.3 \rm cm^2/g$---insufficient to induce core collapse---while strong lensing signals in galaxy clusters require dense inner subhalos typically...
The nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double beta decay are a dominant source of uncertainty when connecting the decay rate to article-physics properties. Due to its large momentum transfer, ordinary muon capture offers a promising method to benchmark nuclear matrix element calculations under similar conditions. When a muon is captured on a double beta daughter isotope, the...
This study established an optimized protocol employing quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) with internal standard calibration to achieve direct ultratrace ²³⁸U and ²³²Th radionuclides quantification. Cross-validation with high-purity germanium gamma spectroscopy (HPGe) confirmed the method’s reliability. Systematic ICP-QMS screening of industrial materials...
The XENONnT experiment at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter candidates—Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)—by observing their interactions with xenon nuclei. An especially intriguing aspect of this search is the potential observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) from Boron-8 solar neutrinos, which can mimic WIMP signals....
The DAMIC-M (DArk Matter In CCDs at Modane) experiment is scheduled to begin operations at the Modane underground laboratory (LSM) in late 2025. This talk presents the current status of the project, highlighting recent results from its prototype—the Low-Background Chamber (LBC)—and progress on detector construction at LSM. Data from the LBC have been used to exclude theoretical benchmarks...
Wave effects are a crucial aspect of gravitational waves. When the wavelength of GWs is comparable to or greater than the Schwarzschild radius of an object, the propagation of gravitational waves no longer follows geometrical optics, and coherence and interference can occur. Despite their significance, studying these wave effects can be challenging due to their complexity.
In this talk, I...
ABSTRACT
In rare-event search experiments such as AMoRE and COSINE, estimating background radioactivity levels and identifying background sources are crucial for background reduction. Typically, isotopes in the $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th decay chains with relatively short half-lives are grouped together, and secular equilibrium is assumed during background measurements and estimations. During...
Next generation $^{100}$Mo based neutrinoless double beta decay searches like AMoRE and CUPID require a precise understanding of the detector response of cryogenic $^{100}$Mo based detectors at the Q-value (3034 keV) of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay. However, common long-lived calibration sources like $^{208}$Tl provide the last intense calibration peaks at or below 2.6 MeV and hence require an...
We present an analytic model for gravitational lensing by self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos that captures the full range of gravothermal evolution, including the core-collapse regime. Leveraging the universal behavior of SIDM halos, we calibrate the lensing potential using fluid simulations and derive closed-form expressions for the deflection angle and surface density profile. Our...
The XENONnT experiment, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), is a dark matter experiment using a dual-phase time projection chamber with 8.5 tonnes of xenon. Solar neutrinos, dominated by the proton-proton (pp) neutrinos, can scatter elastically with electrons and produce electronic recoils (ER) detectable to XENONnT down to the keV scale. The ER background in XENONnT has...
The CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) experiment, located in Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso - INFN in Italy, aims to directly detect light dark matter (DM) particles. Scintillating CaWO$_4$ crystals, equipped with Transition Edge Sensor (TES), are operated as cryogenic detectors at mK temperatures, as target material for DM-nucleus scattering. CRESST...
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), which is a space-based high energy particle detector, has been operated in orbit for nearly ten years. Thanks to its large geometric factor, good charge resolution and wide dynamic range in energy measurement, DAMPE can provide valuable insights on the energy spectra of cosmic-ray up to hundreds of TeV. These measurements are fundamental to achieve a...
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have emerged as powerful tools for constraining modified theories of gravity through the detection and characterization of nanohertz gravitational waves, with recent observations from major collaborations (NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, InPTA, CPTA, and MPTA) revealing evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background. This talk presents comprehensive constraints on...
The two-neutrino double-beta decay (2νββ) of $^{130}$Te offers a unique window into its underlying nuclear structure and provides essential benchmarks for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) searches. We present the most precise measurement to date of the 2νββ half-life of $^{130}$Te from the CUORE experiment. The half-life, based on 1038 kg·yr TeO$_2$ exposure, is determined to be...
The DEAP-3600 dark matter detector, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, has 3.3 tonnes of liquid argon (LAr) and initially began data collection in 2016. Due to its ultra-low backgrounds and large exposure, the DEAP-3600 detector is sensitive to charged-current interactions from $^8$B solar neutrino absorbing on $^{40}$Ar. While this reaction has never been measured before, it offers large LAr...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next generation neutrino detector. The experiment will begin data collection this year. Its main and ultimate goal is to determine the neutrino mass ordering. To achieve this fundamental milestone, the precise reactor antineutrino energy spectrum must be extracted. Therefore, detailed knowledge of all relevant backgrounds in the liquid...
We explore lepton flavor violating (LFV) dark matter (DM) interactions within an effective field theory framework, considering the operators of the form $\bar \ell_j \Gamma \ell_i,{\tt DM}^2$ for $(ij) = (\mu e,, \tau e,, \tau \mu)$ and where DM can be scalar, fermion, and vector. We analyze the three-body decay $\ell_i \to \ell_j + {\tt DM} + {\tt DM}$, showing its utility in probing operator...
The LEGEND experiment aims to detect neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of Ge-76 using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors immersed in liquid argon (LAr). The LAr serves both as a coolant and as an active shield against background radiation. In the current phase (LEGEND-200), HPGe detectors are operated in conventional atmospheric LAr, which contains the cosmogenically activated...
We present the first measurement of cosmic-ray fluxes of 6Li and 7Li isotopes in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 25 GV. The measurements are based on 0.97 million 6Li and 1.04 million 7Li nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station from May 2011 to October 2023. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the 6Li and 7Li fluxes exhibit nearly...
Some models in supersymmetric grand unified theories (SUSY GUTs) predict baryon number violating neutron decay into an antineutrino and a neutral kaon ($n \rightarrow \bar{\nu} K^0$). In this presentation, we report on a search for this neutron decay mode using 0.401 megaton·years of data collected by the Super-Kamiokande detector, which corresponds to 4.4 times the exposure of the previous...
Driven by the null results in the searches for dark matter, the field of direct dark matter detection is constantly evolving to push new frontiers. Ultimately, a vast parameter space for dark matter masses below a few GeV is yet to be explored. That said, low mass dark matter candidates necessitate novel detector designs with lower thresholds and alternative target materials compared to e.g.,...
We present high statistics measurements of the secondary cosmic rays Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Fluorine, and Phosphorus based on 13.5 years of AMS data. The properties of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and their ratios to the primary cosmic rays Li/C, Be/C, B/C, Li/O, Be/O, B/O, and F/Si and P/Si are discussed. The systematic comparison with the latest GALPROP cosmic ray model is presented.
Since the WIMP dark matter from the freeze-out mechanism is not favored by current dark matter direct search, we explore new dark matter production mechanism and the possible gravitational wave signals.
JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) is a neutrino experiment under construction in China. It will be the largest liquid scintillator experiment, detecting neutrinos and anti-neutrinos by using 20 kton of organic liquid scintillator contained in an huge acrylic vessel of 35 m diameter. The experiment will start data taking the data-taking in 2025 with the main goal to determine the...
Waveform digitization is the most direct and effective method for capturing comprehensive signal information from particle detectors. This approach enables physicists to extract critical parameters through flexible digital algorithms. In this report, we present our development of waveform digitization electronics utilizing the DRS4 ASIC and a custom-designed Switched Capacitor Array (SCA)...
TESSERACT (Transition Edge Sensor with Sub-Ev Resolution and Cryogenic Targets) is an experiment lead by American, French and Swiss teams aiming at looking for Light Dark Matter in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane.
Several cryogenic targets will be used in order to be sensitive to different DM interactions, allowing to explore both Electronic Recoils Dark Matter (ERDM) and Nuclear...
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double beta decay is a very high priority for the astroparticle physics community. In this note I will argue that the focus of new facilities for this search should be aimed at reaching the bottom of the normal hierarchy band. I will focus on ways in which current liquid xenon experiments might achieve the required energy and spatial resolutions to achieve...
The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), situated in the world's deepest underground laboratory, the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), conducts research on solar neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and neutrinoless double beta decay. The Jinping Neutrino one-ton prototype, located in CJPL-I, has completed measurements of cosmic rays and background. Next, JNE plans to build...
Double beta plus decay is a rare nuclear disintegration process. Difficulties in its measurement arise from suppressed decay probabilities, experimentally challenging decay signatures and low natural abundances of suitable candidate nuclei. In this presentation, we propose NuDoubt++, a new detector concept to overcome these challenges. It is based on the first-time combination of hybrid and...
The PICO Collaboration uses bubble chamber technology for direct-detection searches of Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP). Filled with superheated C$_3$F$_8$, the thermodynamic threshold of PICO detectors can be set such that the detectors are optimised for dark matter detection while being insensitive to gammas from electron recoils. The presence of fluorine atoms in the C$_3$F$_8$...
Thanks to recent observations of low-lying isomeric states in the nuclear structure of $^{136}$Cs, charged-current interactions in liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chambers (TPCs) of the form $\nu_e + ^{136}$Xe are expected to cause a time-delayed coincident signal in the scintillation channel which can be used to for background rejection on the order of $10^{-9}$ which is more than...
CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{100}$Mo using Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating crystals. It will operate at $\sim$10 mK in the existing CUORE cryostat at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Each crystal will be facing two Ge-based bolometric light detectors for $\alpha$ rejection. In this work, we...
The CYGNO/INITIUM project introduces an innovative approach to directional Dark Matter detection using a gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC). Targeting low mass (0.5-50 GeV) WIMPs-like Dark Matter, the experiment uses a He/CF4 gas mixture sensitive to both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions at atmospheric pressure with optical readout. Building on the success of our 50 L...
Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of the deuteron (𝐷) flux are presented. The measurements are based on 21 million 𝐷 nuclei in the rigidity range from 1.9 to 21 GV collected from May 2011 to April 2021. We observe that over the entire rigidity range the 𝐷 flux exhibits nearly identical time variations with the 𝑝, 3He , and 4He...
If particle dark matter (DM) and primordial black holes (PBHs) coexist, PBHs will be surrounded by particle DM, forming celestial objects known as dressed PBHs (dPBHs). These structures suggest a scenario in which PBHs and DM can exist simultaneously. However, in the high-frequency regime, the gravitational lensing effect of bare PBHs is similar to that of dPBHs. Ground-based gravitational...
The CYGNO project aims to develop a gaseous high-precision Time Projection Chamber with an optical readout for directional Dark Matter searches and solar neutrino spectroscopy. CYGNO incorporates innovative features, such as the utilization of a He-CF4 scintillating gas mixture, and an optical readout made by PMTs and scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras.
Directional Dark Matter (DM) detectors, as...
The QCD axion is a natural solution to the strong CP problem, making it one of the most well-motivated dark matter candidates. Using dilution refrigerators and quantum amplifiers, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has reached to the benchmark models of QCD axion dark matter: Kim–Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov (KSVZ) and Dine–Fischler–Srednicki– Zhitnitsky (DFSZ). I will give an overview on...
We present high statistics measurements of primary cosmic rays nuclei p to Ni based on 13.5 Years AMS data.The systematic comparison with the latest GALPROP cosmic ray model is presented.
So far, the Gallium Anomaly has been observed only in Ga detectors, which makes it impossible to distinguish between systematic errors due to the detection method (e.g. as an overestimation of the neutrino absorption cross section) and other causes, such as errors in the estimation of the source activity or sterile neutrino.
I will discuss how to test this anomaly using a different...
The QCD axion is a well-motivated hypothetical particle that simultaneously addresses the strong CP problem and constitutes a compelling cold dark matter candidate. The MADMAX experiment (Magnetized Disk and Mirror Axion Experiment) is designed to search for axions in the mass range of 40–400 μeV by boosting the microwave radiation in the range of 10-100 GHz induced by the inverse Primakoff...
Searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) represent one of the most promising avenues for uncovering new frontiers in particle physics, particularly in understanding the true nature of the neutrino.
The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) investigates neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in $^{136}$Xe using high-pressure Xenon time projection chambers. The key technologies...
We report the latest results on the properties of C, N, Ne, Na,Mg, Al, S, Cl, Ar, K, and Ca cosmic rays fluxes in the rigidity range 2.5 GV to 3 TV collected by the AMS furing first 13.5 years of operation. We observe that fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. With our measurements, the abundance ratios at the source C/O,...
The search for the neutrinoless double beta decay has particular meanings for answering the essential question about Majorana property of neutrinos. CUPID collaboration chose the crystal of Lithium molybdate with enriched 100Mo as the source and target to explore this important decay. The high Q value of 100Mo and the scintillation property of this crystal enable CUPID to reach a superior low...
Modern physics experiments are increasingly characterized by large-scale detection arrays and ever-higher requirements for data-acquisition precision, placing stringent demands on readout electronics. To address these challenges, we present a scalable, high-speed, high-precision waveform-digitization and high-bandwidth readout electronics system. Its multi-channel parallel analog front end...
We present the first analysis of the quantification of imaginarity in neutrino flavor and spin-flavor oscillations by framing neutrino systems as coherent quantum superpositions within the emerging resource theory of imaginarity. Employing measures such as the ℓ1-norm and the relative entropy of imaginarity, we show that imaginarity is nonzero in two-flavor neutrino mixing and peaks when...
Analysis of anisotropy of galactic positrons, electrons and protons has been performed with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. This measurement allows to differentiate between point-like and diffuse sources of cosmic rays for the understanding of the origin of high energy positrons or the hardening in the proton flux. The AMS results of the dipole anisotropy of...
Nuclear recoil ionization yield constitutes a critical uncertainty source in low-energy detection for dark matter (DM) and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) experiments. We present a novel methodology employing molecular dynamics simulations to assess ionization yields in crystalline semiconductor detectors. This non-parameterized approach resolving inherent limitations of...
Neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay offers a means to explore whether neutrinos are massive Majorana fermions, i.e., their own antiparticles, and thus a portal between matter and antimatter. The EXO-200 experiment operated between 2011 and 2018 at the WIPP underground site in New Mexico, USA, setting some of the strongest constraints on the existence of this decay in 136Xe. EXO-200 was a...
we show how the precise measurement of cosmic ray spectrum by AMS02, DAMPE, HAWC, LHAASO, TUNKA and AUGER can give very strong constraints on the components of galactic and extra-galactic cosmic rays and give important implications on the origin of cosmic rays.
The LIGO/Virgo/Kagra network of gravitational-wave observatories recently announced the detection of its 200th event during the current observing run (O4). As we approach the 10 year anniversary of the first gravitational wave observation, what is the current state of the international network of detectors, and what does the next decade of gravitational wave observation look like?
In the talk, we will present the results of high precision pulsar timing of 57 millisecond pulsars conducted using the the Chinese FAST 500-meter radio telescope. Particularly, we will highlight the gravitational wave searching efforts of the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array collaboration. More backgrounds and topics on pulsar timing, nanoHertz GW detection, and gravity test will be also covered....
The increasing interest in detecting gravitational waves (GWs) in the decihertz (0.1 Hz) band has inspired the exploration of novel detection methodologies. The Moon, with its substantial mass and low ambient seismic noise, has long been regarded as a promising natural resonant detector for decihertz GWs. Recent proposals for lunar seismology missions—such as China’s Chang’e program and...
The talk will cover results of the CONUS+ experiment which led to the first observation of Coherent Elastic neutrino-nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) with reactor antineutrinos. The current status, a near term outlook, the physics implications and perspectives will also be discussed.
We present a novel framework to estimate the sensitivity and discovery potential of IceCube to axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), covering ALP masses from 1 MeV to several hundred MeV. A key feature of this work is the explicit handling of the final-state leptons produced in ALP interactions with 16O nuclei and protons, which can generate Cherenkov light...
Core-collapse supernovae are among the most energetic processes in our Universe and play a crucial role for the chemical composition of the Universe. Neutrinos, produced in vast numbers during the collapse, offer a direct probe into the hydrodynamics and energy transport processes within a supernova. Fast-time variations in the neutrino luminosity and mean energy could carry information about...
Liquid argon, with its relatively light atomic mass and low energy
threshold in the ionisation channel, has proven to be a promising
target medium for the direct detection of dark matter candidates with
masses below 10 GeV/c².
The Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC) is currently
constructing the DarkSide-20k detector, which is primarily focused on
high mass WIMP detection....
CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Mo-100 using an array of 1596 Li$_2$MoO$_4$ (LMO) crystals enriched at 95\% in $^{100}$Mo operated as cryogenic calorimeters. The scintillation light produced by the LMO crystals will enable active, event-by-event particle identification, which is crucial to achieve the target background...
BULLKID-DM is a novel experiment designed for the direct searches of particle dark matter candidates with mass around 1 GeV, or below, and cross-section with nucleons smaller than $10^{-41}$ cm$^2$.
The detector consists of a stack of diced silicon wafers, acting as arrays of particle absorbers, sensed by multiplexed Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). The target will amount to 800 g...
The $\nu$GeN experiment is aimed at studying rare processes from antineutrino scattering on germanium. It is located in the close vicinity of the reactor core of the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) at Udomlya, Russia. The experimental setup is installed under reactor unit #3 of KNPP on the moving platform, which allows changing the distance from the center of the 3.1 GW$_{th}$ core from...
Halide perovskite semiconductors for direct X- and gamma-ray detection have currently attracted enormous attentions due to the bright prospects in various scenarios, such as medical imaging and nuclear nonproliferation in homeland security and high energy physics. Halide perovskites featuring excellent charge transport properties, low cost in preparation, and versatile processing method may...
The upcoming era of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy heralds unprecedented opportunities to study compact binaries, in particular double neutron stars (DNS), double white dwarfs (DWD), and binary black holes, through their gravitational waves, providing important insights into binary evolution, NS physics, and the overarching architecture of the universe. In this talk, I will give an overview...
Geoneutrinos are electron antineutrinos produced by beta decays of radioactive isotopes within Earth. Their detection provides a unique opportunity to quantify the production of radiogenic heat and its distribution in the planet. Despite their significance, geoneutrinos are challenging to detect due to their weak interactions with matter, which necessitates highly sensitive and specialized...
"WISPFI (WISP Searches on a Fiber Interferometer) is a novel table-top experiment designed to detect photon-axion conversion using resonant mixing. The experiment employs hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) to fulfill the resonant condition, which can be precisely tuned by adjusting the gas pressure within the fiber. This technique enables the probing of an unexplored axion mass range...
Wave-like dark matter (dark photon and QCD axion) at the mass of µeV-meV range has a great motivation given the dark matter relic constraint and the naturalness consideration. While the haloscope experiments using cavity resonances have achieved a milestone sensitivity reaching the DFSZ limit in the axion search, the scheme tends to suffer from the standard quantum limit (SQL) as well as the...
The diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), formed by neutrinos released from stellar core collapse over the cosmic history and floating in the Universe, is believed a key probe for stellar astrophysics as well as cosmic chemical evolution picture. Its experimental confirmation is still awaited, yet a recent search at the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector reports an exclusion of...
Supernovae are very promising multi-messenger astronomical targets. They emit electron-magnetic waves, neutrinos, gravitatinal waves and maybe beyond-standard model particles like axions.
Neutrinos are deeply involved in the mechanism of supernova explosions, which have been investigated along with the development of neutrino radiation transport. Gravitational waves are emitted from...
Nuclear reactors are source of intense low energy neutrinos providing a great tool to look for neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering in the fully coherent regime. Taiwan EXperiment On NeutrinO (TEXONO) is few decades old research program [1] at Kuo-Sheng nuclear power plant working with state-of-art high purity point-contact Germanium detectors with O(100 eV) threshold [2]. In this work we will...
Dark Matter (DM) remains one of the most profound mysteries in modern physics. Among the many proposed candidates, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) stand out due to their strong theoretical motivation and testable implications. A definitive detection of monoenergetic gamma-ray lines from WIMP annihilation would provide a direct probe of electroweak-scale interactions, offering a...
The Sun shines bright as a gamma ray source, caused by hadronic galactic cosmic ray interactions in the photosphere and chromosphere. Fermi-LAT and HAWC have observed these so-called solar disk gamma rays in GeV to TeV energy range, and discovered many oddities, including high flux, anti-correlation to solar activity cycle, and time dependent morphology.
Solar magnetic field plays a key role...
The transition edge sensor (TES) is a microcalorimeter that exploits the sharp increase in resistance at the transition between superconducting and normal conducting states. This steep transition characteristic enables even small energy depositions to produce large changes in resistance, resulting in sufficiently large current signal generation. TES technology has been primarily developed for...
Gravitational waves can exhibit complex features in various scenarios, such as orbital eccentricity, gravitational lensing, and the presence of higher-order modes. These effects are especially relevant for next-generation gravitational wave detectors, which will have the sensitivity to capture such rich signal structures. In this talk, I will present our recent work on leveraging these complex...
The Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment (CONNIE) uses the silicon (Si) in thick fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) as target to search for the coherent elastic scattering of reactor antineutrinos off nuclei (CEvNS) and search for new physics. Located at 30 m from the core of the Angra 2 nuclear reactor in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CONNIE has run on the site since 2016...
Surprisingly, the Sun is found that be a bright gamma-ray source at TeV, due to cosmic rays interacting with the solar atmopshere and produces hadronic gamma rays. I will discuss the detection of TeV solar gamma rays by HAWC, which could be a novel probe for solar magnetism, and its implications for detecting TeV neutrinos and dark matter searches from the Sun.
The electron and positron fluxes measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) exhibited complex energy dependencies. In the entire energy range the positron flux is well described by the sum of a power-law term associated with the positrons produced in the collision of cosmic rays, which dominates at low energies, and a new source term of positrons, which dominates at high energies. This...
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) arises from modifications to the dispersion relation of massless particles in effective models attempting to coherently merge quantum field theories and general relativity. One way of detecting or constraining LIV effects is by measuring time delays in the arrival of high-energy photons from astrophysical sources. Suitable targets are variable, distant and...
The first detection of a gravitational-wave (GW) signal in 2015 have opened a new observational window to probe the universe. This probe can not only reveal previously inaccessible binaries, black holes, and other compact objects, but also can detect exoplanets through their imprint on GW signals, thereby significantly extend current exoplanet surveys. To date, nearly 6 000 exoplanets have...
The NUCLEUS experiment aims to perform precision measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) of reactor antineutrinos in the fully coherent regime. In the first phase, CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detectors will be used as targets and the experimental apparatus will be installed at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, in the vicinity of two 4.5 GW$_{th}$ reactor cores. The...
The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is a balloon-borne experiment, firstly optimized to identify low-energy (≲ 0.25 GeV/n) cosmic antinuclei from dark matter annihilation or decay. With a novel detection approach that uses the uniquely characterized atomic X-rays and charged particles from the decay of exotic atoms, the GAPS program will deliver an unprecedented sensitivity to...
The NEON experiment, located 23.7 meters from the Hanbit nuclear reactor core in Korea, offers a powerful platform to explore dark sector particles using the intense MeV-scale photon flux from a commercial reactor. In this talk, we present results from searches for axion-like particles (ALPs) and light dark matter (LDM) using 1.2 years of data collected with six NaI(Tl) scintillation...
Recent years have seen growing concerns in the scientific community about the sensitivity of superconducting qubits to ionizing radiation. Particle interactions in the chip substrate produce phonons that reach the superconductor and break Cooper pairs, producing quasiparticles that can cause a drop in the decay time of the qubit.
Previous studies have already proven that radioactivity affect...
The CRAB (Calibrated nuclear Recoils for Accurate Bolometry) project is aimed at precise calibration of cryogenic detectors at sub-keV nuclear recoil energies, addressing key challenges in coherent neutrino scattering and low-mass dark matter detection.
After the successful validation of the method, demonstrated by the detection of a 112 eV recoil peak in a CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detector...
Preheating stage after inflation can cause a significant effect of graviton production. These gravitons at high frequencies can contribute to the dark radiation component which is constrained from CMB data. Gravitons at lower frequencies would produce an inevitable stochastic gravitational wave background which may be probed in future ground-based and space-based detectors. We show that out of...
The Tibet Air Shower Array is located in Yangbajing, China, and has been operated since 1990. Its air shower array covers a geometrical area of 65,700 m$^2$ by featuring about 600 plastic scintillation detectors and captures air showers produced by cosmic rays with energies from 10$^{12}$ eV to more than 10$^{15}$ eV. In particular, since the installation of an underground muon detector array...
The RED-100 is a two-phase noble gas emission detector built for observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatteing (CEvNS) in reactor antineutrino interactions with matter. The first data taking run with LXe target was carried out at the Kalinin nuclear power plant in 2022, and the final results are given and discussed. The RED-100 experiment is currently in preparation for Phase II...
The primary goal of the XENONnT experiment is the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), with a projected sensitivity improvement of an order of magnitude over XENON1T. In this talk, I will present recent results from the search for light dark matter using both scintillation-ionization and ionization-only channels with lowered detection threshold. These complementary...
AMoRE-II aims to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using cryogenic detectors based on an array of Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals. The first stage of the experiment will employ 90 LMO crystals (27 kg of $^{100}$Mo) in 2025, expanding to 360 crystals (155 kg $^{100}$Mo) for full-scale data taking in 2027. To achieve a target sensitivity of T$_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta}$ >...
NaI(Tl) is a highly interesting target for dark matter searches due to its high light yield, which enables low energy thresholds, the combination of heavy and light nuclei, and the 100% presence of isotopes with nuclear spin and an unpaired proton. Moreover, it is the target material of the only experiment to date that has reported a positive signal (DAMA/LIBRA), and an ultra-low energy...
In the 90s of the 20th century, scientists at the Kurchatov Institute experimentally proved that antineutrino spectrometers based on liquid scintillators can monitor the power of a nuclear reactor and the isotopic composition of burning fuel. These capabilities provide a complementary way of nuclear power plant reactor monitoring with respect to the standard methods in the framework of...
The Ricochet experiment aims at measuring the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) of reactor antineutrinos at the Institut Laue-Langevin, ILL (Grenoble, France). Ricochet employs two detector technologies to measure the CEνNS: (1) germanium cryogenic calorimeters with neutron-transmutation-doped thermistors (called CryoCube); (2) cryogenic calorimeters with a superconducting...
The goal of OPOSSUM is to discriminate for the very first time Single Site Events (SSE) from Multi Site Events (MSE) in mK calorimeters for rare events searches. The OPOSSUM project, funded by the European Research Council trough a Starting Grant in 2024, embarks on a transformative journey to push an order of magnitude forward the sensitivity of Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ)...
The PandaX-4T experiment has achieved significant progress in ultra-low energy regions. Here, we present the first search for dark photon signals in the 0.1 - 1 keV energy range, previously unexplored by PandaX-4T. Using Run0+Run1 S2-only data, we set competitive constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter for dark photon masses in the range of 0.1 - 1 keV. This analysis extends the detection...
The DAMA/LIBRA (DL) experiment remains the only direct detection effort reporting a positive annual modulation (AM) signal attributed to WIMP-nucleus ($\chi$N) interactions, despite several decades of intensive searches in the dark matter sector [1, 2]. In recent years, several analyses employing both time-integrated and AM approaches have placed significant constraints on, and in many cases...
The data analysis of future space-based gravitational wave detectors like LISA and Taiji face significant challenges due to non-stationarities in their data, originating from time-varying astrophysical confusion foregrounds and instrumental noise drifts, which compromise traditional Fourier-domain analysis methods. In this work, we address this challenge by proposing a unified formalism based...
Tracking capabilities for Nuclear Recoils (NRs) from Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) interactions would allow for the measurement of both a NR's energy and direction. This capability would enable an expansive physics program which leverages the kinematics of the neutrino's coherent scattering interaction. This talk will discuss some of the physics applications of NR...
Double electron capture (ECEC) is a second-order weak interaction
process in which two orbital electrons are captured simultaneously by a
nucleus. Its half-life serves as a sensitive probe for testing nuclear
structure models. To date, only ECEC in xenon-124 has been observed,
indicating the need for new experimental techniques. In this
presentation, we report a search for double electron...
LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a direct detection dark matter experiment located at the Sanford underground research facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LZ utilizes a dual-phase time projection chamber containing 7 tonnes of active xenon surrounded by veto systems to search for signals induced by WIMP dark matter candidates. Recently, the experiment announced world-leading WIMP results achieved over 280...
The CICENNS (CsI detector for Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering) experiment aims to construct a CsI(Na) detector array with total mass of 300 kg, located at the China Spallation Neutron Source, for the precise measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. In this talk, I will present the plan, status, and physics goals of CICENNS.
One of the most exciting quests in fundamental physics is the search for dark matter, which continues to see growing worldwide efforts across several theories and experimental techniques. Among these, NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals stand out, as they are used to observe the direct interaction of dark matter particles via nuclear recoils of a few keV. A long-lasting, but so far unconfirmed,...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photons (DPs) are viable dark matter particle candidates.We have searched for possible ALP/DP signals in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector using 440 kg$\cdot$yr of data. A binned likelihood fit is constructed to search for possible mono-energetic peaks induced by the absorption processes between ALPs/DPs and atomic electrons of xenon. A detailed temporal...
The novel molybdate crystals, Li2MoO4 (LMO) and Na2Mo2O7 (NMO), are popular used as absorbers in cryogenic phonon scintillating bolometers for 100Mo neutrinoless double beta decay search. The low temperature properties of LMO and NMO, including scintillation characteristics and specific heat, have been investigated experimentally. The excitation spectrum and light yield are measured ranging...
The KIMS experiment previously used CsI(Tl) crystals for dark matter searches, employing pulse shape discrimination (PSD) to distinguish nuclear recoil signals from electron recoil backgrounds. However, the sensitivity was limited by a relatively low light yield of approximately 5 photoelectrons (PE) per keV, mainly due to the low quantum efficiency of conventional PMTs in the green emission...
PandaX-4T, a large-scale liquid xenon detector operating at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, features ultra-low background, high sensitivity, and excellent energy resolution, making it a powerful platform for probing physics beyond the Standard Model. In this talk, I will present our latest results on the search for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), including solar axions,...
Cryogenic detectors are promising instruments for investigating neutrinoless double beta decay. The CROSS project (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims to advance bolometric techniques using $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te. The final detector, ready for commissioning at the underground Canfranc Laboratory in Spain, consists of 36 Li₂MoO₄ and 6 TeO₂ crystals, most of which...
Cherenkov photon in water is scattered or absorbed by electrons, nuclei, and some other particles. Evaluating the extent of this attenuation is necessary to accurately extract physics in the Water Cherenkov experiment. Especially, in the atmospheric neutrino and proton decay analyses (GeV-scale physics), since the Cherenkov ring becomes unclear due to photon scattering, it affects the accuracy...
The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a crucial probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. Using the source deduction method and the latest data from WCDA and KM2A, we have preliminarily measured this emission and present the energy...
Worldwide efforts are underway to detect neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay using experiments based on various technologies and target isotopes. Future experiments in this regard aim to exclude the inverted order (IO) condition or explore the normal order (NO) band. Consequently, comparing the sensitivities of proposed $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiments with promising prospects...
We performed the first search for ultralight dark matter using a magnetically levitated particle. A sub-millimeter permanent magnet was levitated in a superconducting found with a measured force sensitivity of 0.2 fN/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. We find no evidence of a signal and derive limits on dark matter coupled to the difference between baryon and lepton number, B−L, in the mass range...
We systematically investigate the impact of source confusion on parameter estimation for massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in the context of the Taiji space-based gravitational wave mission. Source confusion, arises from simultaneous overlap of signals in both time and frequency domains, can degrade the accuracy of parameter recovery. To assess this effect, we simulate MBHB populations using...
Our research at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) has produced significant results from various phases of the 1-ton liquid scintillator neutrino detector. As part of the preliminary phase of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we have investigated its performance at CJPL-I. In 2023, we initiated an upgrade to the 1-ton detector, which primarily involves integrating...
Undoped CsI crystals are promising target materials for dark matter detection due to their high scintillation light yield at cryogenic temperatures. At liquid nitrogen temperature (~77 K), they emit more than 80,000 photons/MeV, making them suitable for detecting low-energy nuclear recoils. In this study, we investigated the scintillation properties of an undoped CsI crystal coupled with two...
Microquasars are binary systems which are composed of compact objects and stars, launching (sub-)relativistic jets. Recently, the microquasar V4641 Sgr is detected with extended ultra-high-energy(UHE) emission by LHAASO and HAWC. Interestingly, its spectrum follows a power-law function continuing up to 0.8 PeV, and the morphology appears a puzzling elongated structure which is misaligned with...
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) experiments at research reactors benefit from regular reactor off-periods, allowing for effective background subtraction. At commercial reactor facilities, off-periods are rare and short due to the priority of continuous energy production. In facilities with two or more reactors, temporary shutdowns for maintenance naturally introduce...
Tellurium-loaded liquid scintillators are critical for neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments, but conventional formulations face limitations in tellurium loading due to solubility and chemical compatibility issues. In this work, we develop a novel surfactant-free, water-compatible liquid scintillator based on p-dioxane, incorporating telluric acid, water, and naphthalene, with PPO as the...
A proto-neutron star (PNS) is born after a core-collapse supernova. The size of the young neutron star exceeds that of a typical neutron star and consists of dense, hot nuclear matter. In discussions of PNS evolution, neutrinos play a crucial role. It is generally understood that the emission of neutrinos leads to the cooling of the PNS. With upcoming neutrino detectors such as upgraded...
Muon veto detectors are crucial for deep underground experiments, designed to filter out cosmic muons that can mimic rare physics signals. Despite significant overburden, residual muons penetrate facilities like the future ANDES Laboratory, necessitating effective veto systems for low-background environments.
Our scientific groups are actively developing innovative muon detector designs and...
The extraordinary gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A, identified as the brightest GRB ever recorded, exhibited remarkable high-energy emissions as observed by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). We demonstrate that synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from shock-accelerated electrons during the afterglow phase can account for the observed spectral energy distribution (SED)...
A Xenon ElectroLuminescence (AXEL) experiment aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu2\beta$) using a high-pressure xenon gas Time Projection Chamber (TPC).
The AXEL 180 L prototype detector, developed to demonstrate the feasibility of $0\nu2\beta$ search, determines the event start time—essential for reconstructing the z-position of ionization electron production—by...
A Xenon ElectroLuminescence (AXEL) experiment, which is aimed at detecting neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) with a high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber, is on progress. Construction of a 1000L-size detector for a demonstration of AXEL detector performance is currently underway, and some new technologies are needed to operate this large-size detector. Our detector...
AMoRE is an international collaboration to search for the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of ¹⁰⁰Mo, utilizing enriched molybdate scintillating crystals. AMoRE-I, the second phase of the program following the AMoRE-Pilot, was conducted at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory(Y2L) over a period of 29 months (December 2020 – May 2023), using an array of 18 crystals with a total mass of 6.194...
The LEGEND (Large Enriched Germanium Detector for Neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ Decay) collaboration aims to detect neutrinoless double-beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay in $^{76}$Ge using enriched high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. In its first phase, LEGEND-200 successfully acquired physics data for over a year using 140 kg of HPGe detectors deployed in a liquid argon cryostat. LEGEND-200 has a...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is the world’s largest liquid scintillator detector, utilizing 20 kton liquid scintillator as target mass, and equipped with 17,612 20-inch and 25,600 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in its central detector for photon detection. There are two types of 20-inch PMTs in JUNO, including the MCP-PMT manufactured by Northern Night Vision...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is the world's largest liquid scintillator detector, located in Jiangmen, South China. Its construction has been completed, and it is currently undergoing liquid scintillator filling. The central detector consists of an acrylic spherical vessel with an inner diameter of 35.4 m, filled with 20 kton of liquid scintillator. It is equipped with...
We explore for the first time the possibility that the recently detected ultra-high-energy neutrino event with an energy of 220 PeV, observed by the KM3NeT experiment, originates from the decay of heavy dark matter (DM). As a representative example, we consider a scenario where the DM is a heavy right-handed neutrino (RHN). We demonstrate that a DM mass of 440 PeV can account for the observed...
We present a characterization of LAB-based liquid scintillator at cryogenic temperatures using a table-top setup. Measurements of relative transparency, light yield, and viscosity were performed down to approximately −100 °C. The results are discussed in the context of potential applications for the veto system in PandaX-xT, a next-generation multi-ten-ton liquid xenon experiment searching for...
Organic liquid scintillator are one of the most exploited detection medium for neutrino detection in the past years, especially for low energy ($\sim$ MeV). Although these media have a very good light yield, allowing to perform a good energy spectroscopy of the incoming particle, organic liquid scintillator lost the information of the particle direction due to the isotropy of the scintillation...
The search for cosmic neutrino sources is a major objective of high-energy astrophysics. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, operational from 2007 to 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea, provided valuable data over 16 years, achieving an angular resolution better than 0.4° at the highest energies and offering a privileged view of the Southern sky. Following its legacy, the KM3NeT/ARCA detector is...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20-kiloton liquid scintillator detector with the capability to detect neutrinos from the next Core-Collapse Supernova (CCSN) and effectively manage the resulting large statistics. The real-time CCSN monitoring system of JUNO is designed to provide fast and reliable alerts by tracking the increasing event rates of supernova burst...
The cosmic rays blocked by the Sun can create a deficit shadow when observed with ground-based observatories. This Sun shadow serves as a valuable tool for capturing the complete magnetic field information of solar activities, as well as the magnetic field information between the Sun and the Earth.
In this study, we will present observations of the Sun shadow using the Large High Altitude Air...
The high-speed integrated data converters and digital data processing capability in RFSoC empower direct RF sampling without analog mixer up and down conversion for RF frequencies up to 5 GHz with more compact footprint and lower total power consumption and cost. This work reports the hardware design methodology of RFSoC, the power sub-system which include 80-A 0.85V core supply with dual...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a liquid argon neutrino detector currently under construction in the United States. One key physics goal of the experiment is to observe the neutrino signal from a core-collapse supernova in our galactic neighbourhood. DUNE’s LAr-TPC design will provide unique sensitivity to the electron neutrino component of a supernova burst neutrino signal...
The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE) plans to deploy approximately 3000 8-inch MCP-PMTs (GDB-6082, North Night Vision Technology) for neutrino detection. To improve photon collection efficiency while maintaining cost-effectiveness, we developed custom-designed light concentrators with a selected cutoff angle of $70^\circ$, mounted on each PMT.
We performed angular response measurements of...
Neutron-induced reactions play a central role in stellar and Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Yet many of the relevant cross sections remain poorly constrained at astrophysically relevant energies. Addressing this need, we are developing a multi-purpose Optical Time Projection Chamber (OTPC) optimized for precision neutron-reaction studies at SARAF’s upcoming high-intensity, time-of-flight neutron...
To achieve ultra-low noise level and high energy resolution in rare event searches, bolometric detectors require an extremely low-vibration working environment. In this study, we present the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a spring-mass vibration damping system developed for a bolometric demonstrator experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (0vββ) search at the China...
In the field of direct detection of light dark matter (DM) with masses below 10 GeV/c², the DarkSide-50 experiment, based on a dual-phase argon time projection chamber (DAr-TPC), has demonstrated competitive performance. Building on DarkSide-50, the DarkSide-LowMass experiment will focus on achieving low-threshold measurements and is projected to extend the search for light DM down to the...
NTD-Ge (Neutron Transmutation Doped Germanium) is one of the crucial components in bolometer systems, boasting a large dynamic response range and high sensitivity. A group of 10N HPGe samples are irradiated by thermal neutrons with different flux at China Advanced Research Reactor. After a half-year cooling down, these samples are fabricated into NTD-Ge sensors hiring the developed...
We propose a novel approach to investigate the mysterious origin of enhanced circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding a collapsing massive star using neutrinos. Here, non-thermal TeV neutrinos produced from ejecta–CSM interactions and thermal MeV neutrinos from a pre-explosion burning process are related under the assumption that CSM had been created through the pre-supernova neutrino release....
Emission of TeV gamma rays from high-emission states of nearby Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) can be used to put constraints on the photon density of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) in a region where there are not direct measurements of this background radiation field. Using HAWC observations of the AGN Mrk 421 after 10 years of data, we show preliminary evidence of the existence of...
BULLKID is a monolithic array of dice of 5.4 x 5.4 x 5.0 mm3 carved in a silicon crystal and sensed by phonon-mediated cryogenic Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). It is designed for the detection of sub-keV energy depositions from particle interactions within the crystal, making it suitable for direct Dark-Matter (DM) searches and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE𝜈NS)...
A sensitivity study of the search for heavy sterile neutrinos ($\nu_H$) in the MeV mass range using solar neutrino experiments is presented. $\nu_H$ with masses ranging from a few MeV up to 15 MeV can be produced in the Sun through $^8\mathrm{B}$ decay and subsequently decay into $\nu_L + e^+ + e^-$, where its flux and lifetime strongly depend on the mixing parameter $|U_{eH}|^2$ and mass...
The SuperNEMO Demonstrator is a double-beta-decay detector, currently taking physics data at LSM, France. It has a unique ability to measure the full topology of decay events, thanks to a tracking detector filled with a carefully-controlled gas mixture consisting of 95% ultra-pure helium, 4% ethanol, and 1% argon. To achieve SuperNEMO’s ambitious radiopurity target of 0.15 mBq/m$^{3}$, fresh...
The detection of near-TeV gamma rays from the nova RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph) has confirmed that symbiotic novae (binary system of white dwarf and red giant stars) can act as TeV scale particle accelerators. However, the origin of these gamma rays, whether hadronic or leptonic—remains uncertain due to the non-detection a corresponding high energy neutrino signal. In the hadronic scenario, gamma rays...
The Spherical Proportional Counter (SPC), has a broad range of applications such as neutron detection; ßß0v (neutrino physics ) and Dark Matter search. The low background detectors like SEDINE (ø=60cm; SPC_60) and SNOGLOBE (ø=140cm; SPC_140), both fabricated at LSM and respectively installed at LSM and SNOLab (Canada, Sudbury), are taking data as light DM detector within NEWS-G collaboration....
The New Experiments With Spheres – Gas (NEWS-G) collaboration has designed the Spherical Proportional Counter (SPC) dedicated to searching low-mass weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), one of the most promising dark matter (DM) candidates. SPCs are gaseous detectors relying on ionization of light noble gases. In probing dark matter, neutrons become one of the significant background...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multipurpose underground neutrino detector designed primarily to determine the neutrino mass ordering. Its central detector consists of a 35.4-meter-diameter acrylic spherical vessel filled with 20 kilotons of liquid scintillator, surrounded by $\sim$17,600 20-inch and 25,600 3-inch photomultiplier tubes for high-precision detection. To...
XENONnT is a direct dark matter search experiment using 8.6 tonnes of Xe. Our observable energy threshold is few keV level, which enables us to search for physics in the low-energy electronic recoils, such as the search for events induced by solar pp neutrinos.
Kr85 is one of the background sources in such low-energy region. To achieve a high significance observation of rare physics events, a...
Introduction for some Low Noise Readout ASICs for Astroparticle Physics Research developed by institute of high energh physics,CAS. They can be used with SDD,Si-PIN,Ge,CZT,GEM and SiPM detector. And some of them can be used for polarimetry of X-ray or Compton imaging.
The COSINE-100 experiment is a direct dark matter search using 106 kg of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors, each with a light yield of approximately 15 photoelectrons per keV. The experiment was operated at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory in Korea, collecting 6.5 years of data. A nominal analysis has achieved a clean energy threshold of 8 photoelectrons by rejecting PMT-induced noise events. To...
The Super-Kamiokande detector has measured solar neutrinos for more than 25 years.The sensitivity to solar neutrino measurement is limited by the uncertainties of energy scale and the background modeling. One of the major background events is the spallation products created by the cosmic ray muons in the detector water tank. Some of the negative muons stop in the tank and are captured by the...
The direction of individual AmBe $\gamma$ has been reconstructed using Jinping 1-ton prototype in slow liquid scintillator phase, with consideration of neutron-induced nuclear recoil effects. Through custom waveform analysis of readout signals, we extracted photoelectron (PE) information per trigger event, including PE number and time. Cherenkov and scintillation light were divided according...
In bolometric experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ), light detectors are used to identify and discriminate between particle interactions by simultaneously detecting heat and scintillation light. This dual-readout approach is crucial for suppressing background signals, particularly for distinguishing α particles from β/γ events, thereby enhancing sensitivity to rare...
Neutrino observations from nearby supernova (SN) bursts in underground detectors, such as Super-Kamiokande and future Hyper-Kamiokande, play a key role in understanding the SN explosion mechanism.
However, the neutrino-oxygen interaction in a few tens of MeV, which is the target energy region of SN neutrinos, is not well measured, and the neutrino information cannot be fully obtained from...
The sensitivity of the direct dark matter search is being improved by various energy-sensitive experiments such as XENONnT, LZ, Panda-X and so on. In parallel, direction-sensitive dark matter searches are designed and taken place to reveal properties of the dark matter particle after its discovery or to explore beyond the neutrino fog. NEWAGE is one of the direction-sensitive WIMP search...
The complex system composed of millions of electromagnetic particles in cosmic rays provides a free laboratory for studying fundamental particles. Research on this system has greatly promoted the development of physics over the past century and has also provided powerful research tools for high-energy physics and multi-messenger astronomy. Using simulated data, we have identified a new...
T2K is a long-baseline experiment using J-PARC neutrino beam to study neutrino oscillations with the near detectors and the Super-Kamiokande detector as the far detector. The T2K experiment uses a muon monitor (MUMON) to indirectly monitor the neutrino direction and intensity. Upgrade of the J-PARC beam is currently ongoing towards a measurement of CP violation in the neutrino sector.
While...
Searching for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is considered a promising approach for proving the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Background suppression is particularly important in 0νββ decay searches, which are considered rare-event searches. For traditional single-electrode high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, pulse shape analysis methods such as A/E are effective in distinguishing...
The CUPID collaboration is advancing toward a next-generation cryogenic bolometric experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay searches, based on $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating crystals.
Building on the experience of the first prototype (GDPT), a new upgraded tower has been developed. The Vertical Slice Tower Test (VSTT) features an upgraded mechanical structure designed to improve the...
Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering(CEvNS) is an important scientific frontier in the field of particle physics. We conducted CEvNS experiments around the RECORDE high-purity germanium reactor and developed a plastic scintillation counter anti-coincidence detector to suppress the background of cosmic rays. For large volume plastic scintillation detectors, research has optimized...
Multi Channels 24-Bit/2 MSps high precision electronics system is designed for demand of CJPL to measure the analog signals such as high voltage, particle accelerator magnet current. Based on the dual FMC carrier board of WRX602, we present the preliminary design of 4-Channel 24-Bit/2 MSps FMC. The state-of-the-art 24-Bit SAR ADC of AD4630-24 from ADI is used and a cascade front signal...
The SABRE experiment aims to perform a model-independent search for dark matter using arrays of ultra–low-background NaI(Tl) crystals.
The expected background rate in the ROI [1–6] keV is on the order of 0.5 dru. To achieve this level of radiopurity, SABRE North will make use of zone refining purification process of the NaI powder.
The SABRE North collaboration has recently validated,...
The NνDEx-100 experiment is designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay using a high-pressure gaseous time projection chamber with SeF6 as the target medium. The detector features a front-end readout system comprising 8,192 sensors organized into 32 modular units within a single end-cap. These sensors perform ion collection and signal amplification, generating analog pulses...
Liquid nitrogen is regarded as a radioactivity-free material with minimal concerns related to cosmic-rays; however, radon emissions from shielding and potential leaks can still pose challenges in the search for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay in the CDEX experiments. Achieving radon activity levels below sub-μBq/kg is a key milestone for current rare event experiments. We have...
The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) could shed light on fundamental questions including the Majorana nature of neutrinos, potential lepton number violation, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Scintillating bolometers, with their excellent energy resolution and background discrimination capabilities, represent a promising technology for next-generation 0νββ...
KamLAND is a neutrino detector containing a 1-kiloton liquid scintillator, located 1000 meters underground at the Kamioka Mine. The experiment completed 22 years of data acquisition in August 2024. The KamLAND2 experiment, scheduled to start in fiscal year 2027, aims to further improve light collection efficiency by increasing the luminous flux of the liquid scintillator, introducing high...
The DsTau(NA65) experiment at CERN aimed to measure an inclusive differential cross-section of Ds production with decay to tau lepton and tau neutrino in proton-nucleus interactions. The DsTau detector is based on the nuclear emulsion technique, which provides excellent spatial resolution for detecting short-lived particles such as charmed hadrons. We present the first results from the...
The ASPECT-BET project, or An sdd-SPECTrometer for BETa decay studies, aims to develop a novel technique for the precise measurement of forbidden β spectra in the 10 keV–1 MeV range. Accurately measuring a set of β spectra from different isotopes using the same setup can help in ruling out those nuclear models unable to predict the spectral shapes. Experiments in the field of 0𝜈ββ, WIMP, and...
In this talk, I will focus on is the levitated ferromagnetic spin sensor, which offers significant advantages due to its weak coupling with the environment, enabling superior noise isolation[1][2]. Additionally, the strong spin correlation within the ferromagnetic sensor provides promising noise suppression and signal enhancement capabilities, particularly in experiments probing the...
Double beta decay to an excited state of the daughter nucleus may be considered in addition to the more probable decay to ground state. Though it suffers from a reduced phase space, the decay to an excited state has a unique experimental signature, distinguished by coincident gamma rays from the de-excitation of the daughter nucleus. So far, the two-neutrino excited state decay has only been...
PandaX-xT is a next-generation, multi-purpose liquid xenon detector at China Jinping Underground Laboratory. It is designed with a 43-ton active target mass and ultra-low background to achieve a high sensitivity for dark matter detection and neutrinoless double-beta decay search. As a passive shielding, 4 kton of water will be filled in the water pit where the liquid xenon detector is...
The LEGEND-200 experiment is a neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) search experiment located in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. LEGEND uses a maximum of 200kg of 76Ge enriched germanium mono-crystals as both source and detector for double beta decays. These crystals are housed in a cryostat filled with liquid argon to provide an optimal operation environment as well as a...
A well-perfoming light detector are an essential prerequisite for the light-heat dual readout scheme and are therefore critical components of cryogenic crystal bolometers. Given the current lack of domestic experience in developing cryogenic light detectors, this project is dedicated to the research of germanium-based light detectors for cryogenic bolometer, which includes
- Investigation...
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) signals have extremely low energy threshold, and so controlling the background in the low-energy region is crucial for the detection. RELICS is an experiment aiming to detect CEνNS signals from reactor neutrinos on the ground using a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber detector. Delayed electron is one of the most significant...
The dual-phase argon time projection chamber (DArTPC) has shown exceptional sensitivity and background rejection capabilities, as demonstrated by the DarkSide-50 experiment. For future dark matter detection, particularly for low-mass dark matter (<10 GeV/c²), exploiting exclusive ionization signal detection (S2-only) to achieve a low detection threshold is an exciting avenue of research. In...
The Japanese gravitational wave detector KAGRA is a 2.5-generation detector built underground using cryogenic techniques. Cooling down test masses to cryogenic temperatures is a way to reduce the thermal noise of gravitational wave detectors. Crystalline materials are considered the most promising materials for fabricating cryogenic test masses and their coatings because of their excellent...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multipurpose liquid scintillator detector located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China. It is designed to achieve an exceptional energy resolution of $3\%/\sqrt{E\left(\mathrm{MeV}\right)}$. The primary goals of JUNO are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and to achieve sub-percent precision measurements of...
For direct dark matter search experiments, radiogenic neutrons from
the detector materials are one of the most significant background
sources, since they mimic nuclear recoil signals by weakly interacting
massive particles.
In the XENONnT experiment, the xenon dual-phase time projection
chamber (TPC) is enclosed by a gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov
detector, neutron veto (nVeto), to tag...
Next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) experiments are poised to achieve sensitivities that fully explore the inverted mass hierarchy (IH) parameter space and begin probing the normal mass hierarchy (NH) region, marking a significant advancement in the search for Majorana neutrinos, revealing the absolute neutrino mass scale, and lepton number violation [1, 2]....
Four ultra-low background germanium spectrometers, called GeTHU, have been installed at the first phase of China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL-I) and served for material screening of dark matter and neutrino experiments. Recently, a new multi-detector spectrometer with five germanium detectors has been developed and installed at the second phase of CJPL(CJPL-II) with a minimum...
The CUORE experiment, originally conceived to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, has proven itself a versatile platform for exploring the broad landscape of rare-event physics. In this talk, we present a comprehensive study of CUORE's sensitivity to keV-scale energy physics - including dark matter interactions and rare nuclear decays. By applying specialized data selection and noise...
The Crab Nebula is an important object of study in gamma-ray astronomy. Since the full array operation of LHAASO-KM2A in July 2021, it has conducted long-term and efficient observations of the Crab Nebula in the very high energy (VHE) range, in the tens of TeV region. We have obtained light curves, energy spectra, and ultra-high-energy photon data from the direction of the Crab Nebula since...
Neutral-Current Quasi-Elastic (NCQE) interactions on oxygen represent a dominant background in the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) search at Super-Kamiokande. We validate NCQE background rejection observables by analyzing T2K neutrino beam data, corresponding to 1.76 × 10^{20} protons on target. Three observables, multiple scattering goodness, Cherenkov angle, and reconstructed...
The water Cherenkov veto detector in the PandaX-4T experiment has been operational since 2024. This poster gives a review of its performance, including the detector operation, calibration, and data analysis. Key results include the measurements of neutron veto efficiency and studies on gamma-ray tagging. Additionally, cosmic ray event selection and reconstruction are discussed. Finally, we...
In a laser interferometer-type gravitational wave telescope, it is necessary to observe by three or more detectors to determine the direction of source of gravitational waves with high accuracy. In the fourth observational run, KAGRA is constructed with PRFPMI consisting of a Michelson interferometer with 3 km Fabry-Perot cavity in both arms, and Power Recycled Cavity.
Wave Front Sensing...
Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a tree-level neutral-current process described within the Standard Model (SM). CE$\nu$NS serves as a crucial channel for testing the SM of electroweak theory and exploring potential new physics at low energies. Since its first detection[1], significant efforts, including the TEXONO experiment, have focused on detecting and improving...
Neutrinoless double beta decay is a powerful method for verifying Majorana neutrinos. $^{48}$Ca is one of the best candidates because it has the largest $Q$-value of decay (4.27 MeV) and is the target nucleus of the CANDLES project. Although a large number of target nuclei is essential to search for the decay with higher sensitivity, there is no established mass production method for enriched...
Axion-like particles offer a unified framework to address both dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) in cosmology. In this presentation, I will discuss recent advancements in two complementary areas. First, I will explore a quintessence axion model for dynamical dark energy, motivated by recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and...
Cosmological phase transitions represent drastic energy-release processes theorized to have occurred in the early universe. These transitions may arise during either the thermal expansion phase of the Big Bang or the inflationary epoch, generating distinctive observational signatures. Key consequences include gravitational waves, large-scale structure, primordial black holes, and primordial...
Dark matter could compose ~80% of all matter in the universe, and yet it is completely invisible to us. Despite decades of experiments designed to detect dark matter, and numerous models for potential dark matter particles, no concrete evidence has been put forward to support the existence of beyond standard-model physics. Because of this, it is worth asking whether approaching the detection...
Over the past two decades, high-energy gamma-ray astronomy has witnessed revolutionary progress driven by both space- and ground-based observations. Space-borne detectors, epitomized by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT), and ground-based facilities, including Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs: H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS) and Extensive Air Shower (EAS) arrays (Tibet ASγ,...
VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory designed to detect astrophysical very-high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV < E < 30 TeV) gamma rays. It consists of an array of four 12-meter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in southern Arizona, USA. Since VERITAS was placed into operations nearly two decades ago, the observatory has played a central role in investigating both...
Silicon drift detectors have important applications in electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), synchrotron radiation sources, and particle detection. We have systematically constructed a new type of silicon drift detector using innovative principles, structures, and processes. This report found that the doping concentration and doping depth of the anode of the...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino oscillation long-baseline experiment designed to measure the neutrino mass ordering, the CP-violating phase in the lepton sector of the Standard Model and to improve the precision on key parameters that govern neutrino oscillations. The System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) at the DUNE Near Detector complex is...
KAGRA gravitational wave telescope in Japan started the 4th international gravitational wave observation(O4) with Advanced-LIGO and Advanced Virgo in May 2023, after repairs, upgrades, and commissioning for 3 years from May 2020. Under the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA(LVK) O4 scenario, KAGRA restarted its commissioning from July 2023 to upgrade and improve its sensitivity and to rejoin O4 around Spring...
The ECHo experiment measures the energy spectrum of the Electron Capture decay in Holmium-163 to determine the effective mass of the electron neutrino. Arrays of metallic magnetic calorimeters enclosing the $^{163}\textrm{Ho}$, operated at temperatures around $20 \textrm{mK}$, are used for the high energy resolution measurement of the spectrum. In the first phase of the experiment, ECHo-1k, a...
The Recoil Directionality project (ReD) within the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration characterized the response of a liquid argon (LAr) dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to neutron-induced nuclear recoils, to measure the charge yield Qy at low-energy. The charge yield is a critical parameter for the experiments searching for dark matter in the form of low-mass WIMPs and...
The Ptolemy experiment is designed to detect the cosmic neutrino background, believed to have formed roughly one second after the Big Bang, as predicted by the Standard Cosmological Model. Given the extremely low energy of these neutrinos, their detection is feasible through neutrino capture on beta-unstable isotopes, which do not require an energy threshold. Tritium embedded in a carbon-based...
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector located 110 meters downstream of the target in the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities thanks to its low-noise cold electronics and an advanced photon detection system. Because of its proximity to the target, SBND will record...
We present a number of new techniques to utilize a phase-sensitive amplifier to effectively reduce an optical loss in the output readout chain.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose 20-kiloton liquid scintillator detector set to begin data-taking this year. The experiment aims to have world-leading sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering and make sub-percent precision measurements of oscillation parameters Δm_31^2, Δm_21^2, sin^2(θ_12). These goals hinge on precisely resolving the fine oscillation...
Current experiments have not yet led to the discovery of dark matter with particle masses of the order of eV (for axion dark matter) up to the TeV scale (for WIMPs). An unconventional idea is gaining popularity that dark matter may consist at least in part of a rarefied gas of stable gravitinos with masses of the order of the Planck mass and fractional charge. These particles would interact...
Quantum entanglement has recently begun to play an increasingly important role in astrophysical observations. Innovative techniques such as quantum steering, entanglement swapping, and quantum teleportation are opening new possibilities for precision measurements that surpass classical limits.
In this presentation, we provide a theoretical overview of how quantum entanglement can be applied...
The determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale remains a fundamental open question in particle physics, with profound implications for both the Standard Model and cosmology. The only model-independent method for measuring the neutrino mass relies on the kinematic analysis of beta decay or electron capture (EC) decay, assuming only momentum and energy conservation. Embedding the...
Germanium detectors are widely used in rare event detection and low background facility. In this report, some new progress will be presented, including novel electrode design, new PSD method, electronics, long term operation in cryogenic liquid. Some new electrode fabrication method and segmented detectors developed at THU will also be discussed.
Electronic recoil caused by solar neutrinos in multi-ton xenon detectors is a powerful probe of solar physics, and an important background for direct searches of dark matter and double beta decay. Following our previous work [1], we extend our study of recoil energy up to 150 keV, with an improved relativistic random phase approximation (RRPA) and calculations of bound-to-free transitions...
Currently, the best limits on the neutrino mass from the direct measurements are obtained by the KATRIN (KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino) experiment, giving an upper limit on the mass of electron anti-neutrino of 0.45 eV (KATRIN Collaboration, Science 388, 180 (2025)). Towards the end of this year, KATRIN will reach its desired goal of 1000 days of measurement, allowing the electron anti-neutrino...
Jets from protostellar have recently been reported to have the capability to accelerate particles to relativistic energy, emitting gamma photons that can be detected by the Fermi-LAT. Some protostellars have also been reported to have observed non-thermal jet lobes in radio band, confirming the presence of non-thermal processes within the jets. We analyzed the 16 years of Fermi-LAT data...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), located in southern China, is the world’s largest underground liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment. It aims to study neutrinos from various sources, including reactors, the atmosphere, the Sun, the Earth, and supernovae. The central detector comprises a 20-kton liquid scintillator volume, equipped with over 17,000 20-inch and more...
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration reported the emission of two sources HESS J1857+026 and HESS J1858+0200 with no known counterparts. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration confirmed the detection in their 3HWC catalog with an association to 3HWC J1857+027. We present a multi-source fitting analysis of the HESS J1857+026 region as part of a...
GRANDProto300 is a prototype of GRAND (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) in Xiaodushan (40.99$^{\circ}$N, 93.94$^{\circ}$E) in Dunhuang, China. The detector will feature 300 radio antennas to cover a total geometrical area of $\sim$200 km$^{2}$. The experiment aims to demonstrate the autonomous detection of radio emissions from air showers produced by high-energy astroparticles. The...
The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) constitute the largest class of instruments within the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory. Four LSTs are being constructed at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Each telescope features a 23-meter reflector and is optimized for observations at energies below 100 GeV. The first Large-Sized Telescope...
Recent observations by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA suggest the presence of nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), which may be a hint for new physics. Among several possible sources, those from metastable cosmic string would be attractive since the spectral tilt of the GWB can be easily consistent with those suggested in PTAs. However,...
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) scattering off the cosmic relic neutrino background have recently gained renewed interest in the literature. Current data suggest that UHECR are predominantly made of heavy nuclei. Since the energy of relic neutrinos can reach ∼O(10) MeV in the rest frame of the UHECR, the cross section of heavy nuclei scattering off relic neutrinos can be coherently...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) have emerged as a compelling portal to the dark sector, offering unique experimental signatures through their coupling to photons. In recent years there has been remarkable progress in the physics of axions and ALPs in several directions. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of detecting dark matter ALPs via inverse Primakoff (IP) scattering process, where...
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a large-scale project designed to detect ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos at EeV energies using arrays of self-triggered radio antennas. By capturing radio emissions of air showers initiated by tau decays from neutrinos, GRAND aims to achieve unprecedented sensitivity and sub-degree angular resolution to those UHE neutrinos, marking a...
Cryogenic technologies are used for a variety of applications in particle, nuclear and quantum physics. The Cryogenic Underground TEst facility (CUTE) at SNOLAB provides a low background, vibration-isolated environment for testing and operating these devices. The experimental stage of CUTE can reach a base temperature of 12 milliKelvin, and can hold a payload up to 20 kg. Over the past years...
The LACT project will deploy 32 six-meter aperture Cherenkov telescopes on Haizi Mountain in Daocheng, Sichuan, to conduct fine-structure measurements of multiple ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources discovered by LHAASO. The SiPM camera is located at the focal plane of the telescope, 8000 mm from the center of the mirror dish. The SiPM camera measures atmospheric Cherenkov light, which is...
Baikal-GVD is a large underwater neutrino detector currently under construction in Lake Baikal, Russia. With an instrumented volume already approaching 0.6 km$^3$ and a sub-degree angular resolution, Baikal-GVD is starting to provide meaningful constraints on high energy neutrino sources. We review the current status of Baikal-GVD and recent results obtained with the partially completed...
The KATRIN experiment is designed to measure the neutrino mass $m_{β}$ by analysing the endpoint region of the tritium β spectrum. KATRIN has set the world best limit of $m_{β}$ < 0.45 eV (90% C.L.) from the combined analysis of the first five measurement campaigns.
Using the same data sets, KATRIN has recently published new results in the search for sterile neutrinos at the eV scale,...
The properties of the stochastic gravitational wave background are crucial for our understanding of cosmic evolution. With the release of data from major pulsar timing arrays, the existence of an extremely low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave background has been widely acknowledged. In this work, based on the theory of general relativity and stochastic dynamics, we have established the...
The ASTRI Project is an international collaborative effort led by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) to develop, build, and operate a facility consisting of nine four-meter class Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes dedicated to gamma-ray astronomy in the 1–200 TeV range. The ASTRI Mini-Array is currently being installed in Tenerife at the Observatorio del Teide, and...
The neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) experiment aims to investigate whether neutrinos are Majorana fermions (i.e., whether they are their own antiparticles). NνDEx is to use a time projection chamber (TPC) for trajectory detection, and readout with the low-noise CMOS chips to measure the neutrinoless double beta decay in the China Jinping underground laboratory. High-pressure (1.0 MPa)...
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in searching for low-mass dark matter. To address this new direction, a new experimental setup for low-mass dark matter searches is currently being commissioned at the Kamioka Underground Laboratory. A dilution refrigerator has been installed underground, and gamma and neutron shielding is under construction. Ambient gamma and neutron levels have...
The TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), a next-generation neutrino observatory initiated by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, will be deployed in the western Pacific Ocean to investigate high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources. TRIDENT will significantly enhance cosmic neutrino measurements across all flavors, offering unprecedented sensitivity for diverse physics studies. This...
The DarkSide-20k experiment represents the latest phase of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration, leveraging expertise from previous argon-based detectors. This effort is focused on constructing a dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr-TPC) that will deploy 100 tonnes of underground argon outfitted with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays for precise light detection....
Baryon number violation, predicted by many GUT frameworks, motivates current searches for proton decay. The decay channel $\text{p} \rightarrow \text{K}^{+} + \bar{\nu}$, favored in many SUSY-GUT models, currently has a partial lifetime limit of $5.9 \times 10^{33}$ yr at 90 % C.L. set by the Super-Kamiokande collaboration. JUNO, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under commissioning in...
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment performs a measurement of the effective electron neutrino mass with sub-eV sensitivity through high-precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. Analysing 36 million $\beta$-electrons from five measurement campaigns, KATRIN presently provides an upper limit on the neutrino mass of $m_\nu < 0.45~\text{eV}$ at 90\%...
The Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) is searching for Askaryan radio signals from ultra-high-energy neutrinos ($E \ge 100\,$PeV) interacting in ice. RNO-G utilizes a hybrid station design, which features radio antennas installed in 100$\,$m deep boreholes as well as in hand-digged trenches near the surface. At present, 8 hybrid stations are already operational and collecting...
The Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) is a next-generation experiment using a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detector to detect gamma rays and antiparticles. Gamma-ray surveys are important for understanding multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy, enabling exploration of the universe's most potent events, such as supernovae and neutron star mergers etc. Despite the...
A magnetic dipole-dipole interaction is proposed as a scintillation quenching mechanism. The interaction rate follows $R^{-6}$ as the electric dipole-dipole interaction in Foster resonance energy transfer theory. The proposed mechanism causes a long-range resonance energy transfer, and the resonance condition is that the spins of donor and acceptor electrons both flip, and the energy level...
Understanding the nature of dark matter is one of the fundamental challenges in modern physics. Numerous experimental and theoretical attempts have explored the possibility that keV-scale sterile neutrinos could serve as a strong dark matter candidate. Although satellite observations have placed stringent limits on the mixing of sterile neutrinos with active Standard Model neutrinos, these...
PandaX is a dark matter and neutrino experiment based at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. It employs a dual-phase liquid xenon TPC to search for dark matter particles and study neutrinoless double-beta decay. Neutron and gamma background events in these searches can be mitigated using an external veto detector. This presentation will provide an update on the operational status of the...
The liquid scintillation and Cherenkov detectors are the selected detection technologies for next-generation neutrino detectors at 10-100kt scale. Traditionally, they function primarily as calorimeters. Time-of-flight methods have long been employed to reconstruct event vertices. With the advancement of fast photon-sensors and electronics readout, as well as mathematical and computational...
DANSS is a scintillator detector of antineutrinos located on a lifting platform below the 4th reactor core of Kalininskaya NPP in Russia. The detector position below the reactor core provides advantages of high neutrino rate and moderate overburden of 50 m w.e., which suppresses atmospheric muon flux by a factor of 5–6. The detector was commissioned in April 2016 and it has been operating...
We present recent advances in the spectroscopic characterization of scintillation and electroluminescence (EL) light in gaseous argon. A detailed investigation was conducted using a wavelength-sensitive time projection chamber to study light emission in two spectral regions: the well-known second continuum at 128 nm, and a broader, softer component spanning the far and mid-ultraviolet range...
Building on landmark detections of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos over the last decade, next-generation neutrino telescopes are poised to unlock insights into the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. TRIDENT is a developing neutrino observatory designed to significantly extend the reach and capabilities of current high-energy neutrino experiments. Located 3.5 km deep in the South...
The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory under development in the Southern Hemisphere . Planned for installation at 4.8 km above sea level in the Atacama Astronomical Park in Chile, SWGO consists of an array of water Cherenkov detectors to measure gamma-ray emission over a wide energy range from hundreds of GeV to several PeV....
Characterizing low-energy, keV-range nuclear recoils near the detector threshold is a crucial recipe for the recent highlights from the XENONnT experiment — for accurately measuring the solar Boron-8 neutrino via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) and searching for light dark matter particles. In this talk, we will present the first calibration campaign using an...
The capability to perform precision measurements of nuclear form factors or coupling constants with CEvNS relies on precise knowledge of the incoming neutrino flux and energy spectrum. Isotopes decaying via electron capture (EC) represent a close-to-ideal neutrino source, thanks to the monoenergetic spectrum and the possibility of precisely measuring the source activity. However, the low...
This study presents the design and evaluation of a water Cherenkov detector (WCD) prototype based on the lake concept proposed in the SWGO framework. Aimed at future large-scale cosmic ray and gamma-ray observatories, the prototype uses a separate, stand-alone bladder structure made from lightweight materials. By using the natural buoyancy of water, the system removes the need for traditional...
In this talk, I will review recent progress in the measurement of Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, along with advances in their theoretical interpretation.For Galactic cosmic rays, in addition to direct observations from space-based experiments such as AMS-02, CALET, and DAMPE, the proton spectrum or the first time has been measured in the knee region by the ground-based LHAASO...
Supernovae come into two main subclasses, with one from core collapse expsloion of massive stars and the other one from thermonuclear explosion of white dwarfs in binary system. The former, dubbed as core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), carries fundamental physics involved in evolution and explosions of massive stars such as neutrino, gravitational wave, and shock breakout. Whereas the latter,...
This talk will review progress on the detection of supernovae, solar and geo neutrinos. This is an area of significant interest and scientific activity, with major players currently including Borexino, KamLAND, SNO+ and SuperKamiokande, and with a number of major new facilities of relevance coming online in the near future, including JUNO, DUNE and HyperK. Owing to time constraints, the focus...
The surface heat flux of the Earth is 46 $\pm$ 3 TW (terawatts, 10$^{12}$ watts) or on average about 90 mW/m$^2$ and is the sum of contributions from primordial and radiogenic sources. Often geologists predict Earth's radiogenic power at 20 $\pm$ 10 TW, which comes from heat-producing elements (K, Th \& U). However, the full range of published estimates spans from 10 to 30 TW, documenting a...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will provide a unique platform for advancing low-energy neutrino physics, with powerful capabilities to study both solar and supernova neutrinos. DUNE’s liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) technology enables precise reconstruction of neutrino interactions, offering simultaneous sensitivity to charged-current (CC) and elastic scattering...
The excavation of the large underground cavern for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is now nearing completion. In this talk, I will present the current status and the progress of the Hyper-Kamiokande detector construction, and the prospects for the upcoming phases of the project.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is the largest liquid scintillator detector for neutrino physics ever built. At the end of 2024 the construction of the detector has ended and both Central Detector and the surrounding Water Cherenkov Detector have been filled with ultra pure water. At the beginning of February 2025, after having filled the complete detector, a short...
